These are private companies--insurance companies--they're monoline because they look only at a certain class of risks and not all risks that they insure.

他们是私人保险公司,从事单线业务,因为他们只关注一类特定风险,而不是担保所有的风险

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, the idea that theorists suggest-- and it may be unreachable-- but the perfect financial system would have all of our risks pooled completely.

理论家提出的这一理论-,可能无法达到-,但是一个完美的金融体系,能够将所有的风险完全分摊。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The economy, and technology, and the weather, and all sorts of factors create risks.

经济，科技，天气，各种其他因素都可能创造风险。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

When you do these calculations, which I just did for insurance-- I was talking about insurance companies-- assuming that risks are independent, everything's independent and we've got it all figured out.

当你试图去,做保险相关计算时,我指的是保险公司...,假定风险是独立的,事件都是独立的,可以算出一个结果

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

What they argued in this paper was that, if we had perfect risk management, then there would be perfect correlation of consumption across countries because if we get rid of the idiosyncratic risks, then all that's left is planet-wide risks.

他们在论文中的观点是，如果我们有完善的风险管理,那在不同国家之间的消费呈完全相关,因为如果我们消除了特有风险，那只剩下全球范围内的市场风险。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选