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Let's look at the energetics of one of those electrons crashing into a hydrogen atom inside the gas tube.
我们一起来考察一下,其中的一个电子的能量,在阴极射线管中,撞击到氢原子上。
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OK, then it says draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom, and subtract two valence electrons.
后将中心原子与其相邻原子之间,连上单键，然后减掉2个价电子。
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So if I tell you that the energy for single hydrogen atom is negative 13 12 kilojoules per mole.
如果我告诉大家单个氢原子的能量,是负的，1312，千焦每摩尔。
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z So, this is what we find the actual z effective is for an electron in the helium atom.
所以这就是我们得到了实际有效的,对于一个氦原子的电子。
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We are going to now go into the atom and try to understand the scientific basis for this observed behavior.
我们现在要讲讲原子,并试着去理解这个观察行为,的科学原理。
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Sometimes we have a very electronegative atom that's going to take more of its equal share of electron density.
有时候我们会有一个电负性很高的原子,它将会获取更多的共用电子密度。
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They take an atom of lead, accelerate it and have it collide with an atom of nickel.
他们选取一个铅原子，将其加速,让它与镍的原子碰撞。
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It is joules per atom. Or, if you multiply by Avogadro's number then you will get joules per mole.
焦耳每个原子，或者，如果乘以,阿伏伽德罗常数你会得到焦耳数每摩尔。
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Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.
电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。
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So when we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding h atom orbitals.
它们的能量实际上,比对应的氢,原子轨道要低。
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So we can actually pop an electron or eject an electron from any single orbital that is occupied within the atom.
任何一个被占据轨道,打出一个电子,或者说发射出一个电子。
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So, what we can do is try using the classical description of the atom and see where this takes us.
用经典力学描述原子看看怎么样,我们要考虑的是一个,带正电的粒子和。
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And so what we do, in order to designate the identity of an atom, is the following.
所以，我们要做什么，为了标出原子的特性，这就是我们要做的。
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So, what we get for the disassociation energy for a hydrogen atom is 424 kilojoules per mole.
因此，我们就得到了氢原子,离解能的大小为，424，千焦每摩尔。
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So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.
因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。
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So, you can see how this can directly give us different ionization energies for any atom that we're interested in studying.
那么，大家可以理解,这种技术如何直接给出我们所要研究的,任何一种原子的所有不同的电离能。
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Right, we had one from each atom, so that means we need a total of two in our molecular orbital.
对吧，每个原子有一个电子，这意味着在分子轨道里我们一共需要两个电子。
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So why don't you tell me what the formal charge should be on the sulfur atom of thionyl chloride?
那么请大家来告诉我亚硫酰氯中,的硫原子应该有多少形式电荷？
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One of the main difference is is that when you're talking about multi-electron orbitals, they're actually smaller than the corresponding orbital for the hydrogen atom.
其中最主要的区别之一,是当你讨论多电子轨道时,它们实际上，要比对应的氢原子轨道,要小一些。
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Because what it tells is that we can figure out exactly what the radius of an electron and a nucleus are in a hydrogen atom.
我们可以,准确的算出,氢原子中,电子。
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Gas phase single atom. So we don't have to deal with work function or any kind of energies associated with some condensed form of matter.
气相的单原子，所以我们不需要再,处理功函数的问题,以及和凝聚态相关的能量问题。
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All right. So, let's pick up where we left off, first of all we're still on the hydrogen atom from Monday.
好，让我们从上次停下的地方讲起，我们还要讲周一讲的氢原子。
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