So, that was a naturally occurring attenuated virus that could be produced into a vaccine that didn't cause the disease.

因为天花病毒存在天然的衰减病毒,这种衰减病毒可以用来,直接生产不致病的疫苗

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We've talked about getting lucky, finding a naturally occurring attenuated live vaccine as in the case of smallpox.

我们谈到过,在天花病案中,我们发现自然弱化的活性疫苗,是多么的幸运

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And Machiavelli's emphasis upon arms is considerably attenuated by Hobbes' emphasis on laws.

而马基雅维利对于武力的重视,则被霍布斯对法律的重视所淡化。

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Remember that the lucky thing about the smallpox vaccine was that a naturally occurring attenuated form of the smallpox virus variola called vaccinea was found.

对于天花病毒来说,幸运的是,存在一种自然发生的,被称作痘苗病毒的,天花病毒的衰减疫苗

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And so this is an example of a naturally occurring, attenuated vaccine.

这就是一个天然减毒疫苗的例子

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He produced an oral polio vaccine from an attenuated virus.

他利用减毒病毒制得口服小儿麻痹症疫苗

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This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.

这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体

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So, it's more effective because it's a live virus but it's a little bit more concerning because it's a live virus as well, in that you trust that it's attenuated but could it convert back to a virulent form or a form that caused a disease.

因此,口服疫苗更加有效,因为它是活性病毒,但又是因为这一点,人们也存有更多顾虑,当它处于减毒状态时你会信任它,但是它会不会转变回,强毒壮态或者致病状态呢

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