The difference is in positive reinforcement you do something; in negative reinforcement you take away something aversive.

区别就是，在正强化中你接受某种刺激;,而在负强化中你回避了某种厌恶刺激。

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We know pain is--of others is aversive for chimpanzees and we know this in certain ways.

我们知道黑猩猩也讨厌其他黑猩猩的痛苦,这是非常确定的。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The pain of others is aversive even for babies.

婴儿很讨厌感受到其他婴儿的痛苦。

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The crying of babies is aversive to babies.

婴儿讨厌听到别的婴儿哭。

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So, what they do is what's called, "Systematic desensitization," which is they expose you to what causes you the fear but they relax you at the same time so you replace the aversive classical conditioned fear with something more positive.

治疗的方法叫做“系统脱敏疗法“,也就是将你暴露在引起恐惧的情境下,但同时让你放松,所以你用更加积极的感觉,替换了经典条件作用造成的厌恶性恐惧。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选