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You need to be able to integrate that information into a response, and that happens through these biochemical reactions.
体内的细胞要整合信息并作出反应,这个过程就通过这些生化反应来完成
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In the biochemical reactions that are taking place in your body, there is equilibrium between a whole myriad of reactants and products, and thank heavens that gets maintained.
在我们身体内进行的,生物化学反应中，大量的反应物和产物,也是处于平衡状态，谢天谢地实际情况就是这样。
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In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.
在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号
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A theme of that book was that-- I've already said this to you, but it's a very important point-- financial technology is evolving and improving just the way engineering technology or biochemical technology is improving.
这本书的其中一个主题是...,尽管已经提过,但这非常重要,我想强调一下...,就是金融技术的演进过程,与工程技术或生物技术,的演进过程并无二致
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The way that the cell experience it is through some sort of biochemical changes.
细胞发生某种生物化学变化,以完成这个过程
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Insulin binding leads to phosphorylation, leads to other biochemical changes.
胰岛素与受体结合导致磷酸化,进而产生其它生物化学变化
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If you hear about signal transduction in biology, people that study signal transduction are studying just these things we talked about, how biochemical messages get transferred into cells and through cells.
如果你在生物学领域听到信号转导这个词,那么研究信号转导的人就是,在研究我刚才讲过的那些东西,生化信息如何传入细胞并传递至细胞各处
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When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.
这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞
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So, they bind to the receptor - they occupy the receptor so now the natural ligand can't enter it but they don't create the same sequence of biochemical events.
因此,它们与受体结合,它们占据了受体,这样配体就进不来了,但这种结合无法诱发,真正的配体所能诱发的生化反应
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If that protein is an enzyme then you've and you've switched it from an 'off' position where it's not catalyzing a reaction to an 'on' position where it is, you've changed the biochemical state of the cell, you've changed the chemical reactions that can occur within the cell, and you've changed its behavior.
如果这种蛋白是一种酶的话,你就能够将酶从无催化作用的静息态,激活至能催化反应的激活态,你改变了细胞的生化状态,也改变了细胞内发生的化学反应,改变了细胞的行为
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Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.
胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部
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The G-protein then goes on to create some other biochemical changes inside the cell.
然后G蛋白在细胞内,诱发其它的一些生化反应
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