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So in the case of boron here, what we're starting with is the ion, and now we're going to pull one more electron out.
那么在硼的情况下，我们应该从这个离子开始，现在我们要再拿走一个电子。
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So, if we want to think about what the first ionization energy is of boron, what you want to do is write out the electron configuration, because then you can think about where it is that the electron's coming out of.
如果我们要考虑,硼的第一电离能，你首先要做的是写出它的电子排布，因为在这之后,你才能知道拿走的是哪里的电子。
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He said there should be an element under boron.
他认为在，硼的下面也有个元素。
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So, we have beryllium in the first case here, it has four electrons, that's how we know it's beryllium, boron has five electrons.
那么我们将铍作为第一个例子，它有四个电子，这也是我们为什么能知道它是铍的原因，硼有五个电子。
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So let's take boron, for example, and this has - it starts off with three valence electrons.
我们可以看一个例子,我们以硼为例，这有。
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And the glitch that doesn't make sense just through periodic trends, is that it turns out that the ionization energy of boron is actually less than the ionization energy up beryllium.
仅仅考虑周期性规律,是无法理解这个问题的，这里显示硼的电离能,实际上比铍的要小。
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So again, we picture the same thing as we pictured with the boron there.
同样的，这里的图像,和硼的图像一样。
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So, let's think about kind of differentiating, however, between first ionization energy or just ionization energy, and other types such as second or third ionization energy, and let's take boron as an example here.
那么，让我们来区分一下第一电离能，也就是电离能与其他类型的电离能，比如第二，第三电离能，我们以硼为例。
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And that's going to be equal to the negative the binding energy of 2 s in b, in neutral boron.
它应该等于中性硼原子中,2，s，电子的束缚能的负值。
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Would you expect to see electron promotion for boron?
它有3个价电子？
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But unlike the case with boron where we had an empty p orbital, we're actually going to have an electron in the p orbital of carbon as well.
但和硼里面有个空的p轨道不同，我们实际上有一个电子,在碳里p轨道里也有电子。
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So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.
那么我们称它为第三电离能，或者负的束缚能，还是，2，s，轨道的，但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。
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So, in the case of boron plus 1, what we are starting with is the ion, so we're starting with a 2 s electron, 2 s 1 and then we're going to 2 s 1 here.
在正一价硼中，我们面对的是这个离子，本来就应该从，2，s，电子开始，然后这里变成。
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So, for example, for boron, 2s2 now we're dealing with 1 s 2, then 2 s 2, and now we have to move into the p orbital 2p1 so we go to 2 p 1.
举例来说对于硼，现在我们知道有1s2然后，现在我们必须,移至p轨道即。
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The highest occupied orbital is now the 2 s orbital, 1 s 2 2 s 1 so we're going to end up with boron 2 plus 1 s 2, 2 s 1, plus the electron coming out of there.
现在最高的被占据轨道是，2，s，轨道，因此结果应该是正二价的硼，再加上一个出射的电子。
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So, remember, boron was one of those exceptions to our Lewis structure rules where it was perfectly happy not having a full octet.
所以我们可以加上3个氢原子,对于BH3，这是个稳定结构,记住，B是Lewis结构的一个特例。
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So let's think about the energy required now to remove a 2 s electron, let's say we're removing it from boron plus 1 versus neutral boron.
那么让我们来想一想,拿走一个，2，s，电子所消耗的能量，假设一个是从正一价硼离子中拿走1,另一个是从中性硼原子中拿走。
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Again, boron is a good example. Look, 0.8, 1.36. This is 2p. This is 2s.
硼又可以是一个很好的例子，看，0。,1。36，这是2p层，这是2s层。
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All right, so if we think about b h bond here, again, it's the sigma bond, and we're going to say it's a boron 2 s p 2 hybrid orbital interacting with a hydrogen 1 s orbital.
这可以告诉我们，为什么它倾向于周围只有6个电子，好了，考虑一下这里的BH键,同样的，它是sigma键,我们说。
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So what we'll end up with is boron plus, 1 s 2 2 s 2 1 s 2, 2 s 2, E and what we say is the delta energy or the change in energy as the same thing as saying the energy of the products minus the energy of our reactant here, that's how much energy we have to put into the system to eject an electron.
所以结果应该是正一价的硼，电子排布为，我们说，Δ,也就是，E，的变化量,等于生成物的能量,减去反应物的能量，这就是我们从这个系统中,打出一个电子所需要的能量。
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