The North had budding oligarchies, just like the South did.

北方有寡头的趋势,南方也一样

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

The reader should be a budding author."

读者要是一个潜在的作者“

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

You can find a whole- you can sort of find a deep and abiding kind of American nationalism still in a lot of these budding Southern patriots, even by the 1850s, especially when they get scared about what secession might actually mean.

你会发现,可以说你会发现一种深层持久的,美国民族主义仍旧根植于许多,南方爱国者们心中,甚至到十九世纪五十年代还是如此,特别是当他们开始害怕,脱离联邦会导致何种不可预料的结果

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

And germinal means "The budding," it's a reference to a calendar of the French Revolution.

erminal这个词的意思是发芽

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选