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This conversion from a mechanical energy into a chemical energy can be nicely visualized when one fills a hair cell with a sensitive die that responds to the calcium ions that influx into the cell.
如果在毛细胞中注入,对钙离子敏感的物质,可以精确地模拟,这一机械能到化学能的转化过程。
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Hess' Law states that for any chemical reaction, the energy change is path independent.
盖斯定律表明，对于任意化学反应，能量变化并非是路径依赖的。
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Energy means, you know, chemical reactions happen, and you end up with something that might be exothermic, that is, the products are more stable then the reactants.
能量表明，当反应发生之后，你最终会得到放热的产物，换句话说就是产物比反应物更稳定。
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This is visualizing the process of the conversion of mechanical energy into chemical and electrical energy very nicely.
这一模拟恰到好处地演示了,机械能到化学能和电能的转换过程。
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So, in talking about covalent bonds, we should be able to still apply a more general definition of a chemical bond, which should tell us that the h 2 molecule is going to be lower in energy than if we looked at 2 separate hydrogen atom molecules.
那么，既然提到了共价键，我们应该还可以,给化学键下一个更普遍的定义,那就是告诉我们氢分子能量应该更低,与两个分开的氢的单原子分子相比。
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I mentioned previously that we do not know a lot about how the mechanical stimulation is being converted into chemical and electrical energy.
先前我曾说过,对于机械刺激到化学和电能的转换,我们还知之甚少。
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So I said before when we were talking about single atoms, we always define the zero energy as when an electron was actually ejected, but now, when we talk about chemical reactions taking place, it's very, very rare that we're actually going to be talking about anything that gets to this point here.
我之前说过，当我们讨论单个原子的时候，我们总是把零点能,定在电子被发射出去以后，但是现在，当我们讨论化学反应发生的时候，非常非常罕见出现，确实达到,这种程度的情况。
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So the point is, this balance between energy thatyou could think of as say bond energies in chemical reactions, and entropy that you can think of in terms of disorder, how many different possible combinations or configurations of something wrong, will dictate where the equilibrium lies.
关键在于，这种能量与熵之间的平衡,确定了平衡的条件，在化学中能量涉及键能，而熵和无序有关,即有多少可能的不同组合或者形位，二者的平衡会告诉我们平衡态是什么样子。
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