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So, that was more like solving chess puzzles, and I couldn't have seen a career on that.
所以这一切更像是解一个棋局，我原来从不认为哲学可以成为一种职业。
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It's a puzzle, but it has for its delight a kind of solitary quality, both of the composer and of the solver of the chess problem.
它是一个谜语，却具有某种令人愉快的自我的特性，不论是设题的人还是解题的人都能感知到。
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In the current world champion of chess, I think Vladimir Kramnik, was defeated in December by a chess-playing program.
当前的国际象棋世界冠军,弗拉基米尔?克拉姆尼克,就在今年12月被一个国际象棋程序击败
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So the inventor of the chess game-- he was in India, and went to the local king.
象棋游戏的发明人-,他在印度，去见当地的国王。
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He loved to play chess and he loved to play billiards.
他喜欢下棋,打桌球
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We know, for instance, machines can play chess.
例如,我们知道机器可以下国际象棋
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Tipping my hand, it seems pretty clear that that seems like the right thing to say about these chess-playing programs.
我先亮出我自己的观点,显而易见,这个问题正好能够,对国际象棋程序做出解释
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There was a period of time in which, although there were decent, chess-playing programs couldn't beat the best chess-playing humans.
尽管曾一度出现过,强劲的象棋程序,无法战胜顶级人类棋手的情形
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For the simple reason that the number of possible chess games is so huge, that computers can't calculate it.
原因很简单,棋局的潜在变数相当之大,以至于计算机根本无法将其完全计算出来
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Any genuinely new trend is a knight's move. I just remind you, in chess the knight doesn't move in a straight line.
所以，任何新趋势都是迂回前进，我只是提醒大家一下，在国际象棋中马是不走直线的。
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The king was very impressed with the game and said, "How can I reward you?" And the chess player said, " "No, it' OK really."
国王很喜欢这个游戏并说，“我要如何奖赏你？“，象棋发明者说，“不必，真得不用奖赏“
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So the inventor of the chess game said, "Ok. What I like is on the first block, first square, I would like one grain of rice.
于是象棋发明者说，“好吧，我希望，在第一个方格上，我想要一粒大米。
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Not just in sort of mathematical things like chess or math, there are, as you know, programs that can write music.
不止是下棋或数学这类跟数理有关的事,你知道,有些程序甚至能创作音乐
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It looks as though the natural thing to say about the chess-playing computer is, it does have beliefs. It does have desires.
这看起来好像是一件自然的事情,说象棋程序,有自己的信念 有欲望
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Now, I think it is plausible to suggest that unlike the case of chess-playing computers, we don't yet have machines that feel things.
现在,我想我们有理由认为,与象棋计算机的例子不同,我们现在还没有能感觉事物的机器
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On my computer at home I've got a program that allows my computer to play chess.
在我家里的电脑里有一个,玩国际象棋的程序
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Remember, it's not as though the people who designed the chess-playing programs can beat it.
记住,那些设计象棋程序的人,貌似也下不过他们的象棋程序
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Treat the computer as though it were just a great chess player.
将计算机视为一名象棋健将
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And indeed, the best programs are great chess players.
事实上,最棒的象棋程序已经是老辣的棋手
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Perhaps no chess game before had had this move.
这也许是象棋史上前所未有的一步棋
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If what we mean is the mental, but that the aspect, the behavioral aspect of the mental, where even a chess-playing computer probably has it, then that's not a very compelling argument.
如果我们说的是精神的某个方面,即精神的表现面,是一个甚至连象棋程序都可能拥有的方面,那这就不是一个令人信服的论点
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Not everybody in this room can play chess.
在座各位并不都会下国际象棋
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These are setups of pieces on the chess board that have particular solutions. And they're very complex, and they have a kind of aesthetic form to them.
象棋有些设置是有专门的,解决方法的，很复杂，它们有一种美学在里面。
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You get excited when you're playing chess at the prospect of capturing my queen and crushing me.
在玩象棋的时候,你因为希望,吃掉我的皇后下赢我而感到兴奋
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And indeed, when they program these things, the programmers will feed in game after game after game of the great chess games in history.
的确,当人们编写游戏程序时,会在这些程序中,一局接一局地,输入历史上那些最伟大的棋局
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This is just a matter of beliefs, goals, responses, planning, the sort of thing that we already saw the chess-playing computer can do, that behavioral side of emotion.
信念,目标,对策,规划,诸如此类,象棋计算机已经能够做到,这些情感的行为方面
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The chess-playing program makes moves these guys haven't thought of.
象棋程序的走法,是这些程序员也未曾想到过的
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That is not the way chess-playing programs work.
但国际象棋的程序并不是这样工作的
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If you have a computer that plays chess and you want to explain how the computer plays chess, it's impossible to do so without talking about the programs and mechanisms inside the computer.
如果你有一台能下国际象棋的计算机,你想要解释计算机是如何下国际象棋的，如果你不谈程序以及计算机的内部结构,那你就不能对它如何下国际象棋,给出解释。
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