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That is to say for many, many, many people literary theory had something to do with the end of civilization as we know it.
这就是说对于很多很多人来说,文学理论与,我们所知道的文明的结束有些关联。
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Well, right now I'm in a class called Contemporary Civilization
现在我在上一门叫做“当代文明”的课
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In the last two centuries, both these most characteristic elements of Western civilization have in fact become increasingly under heavy attack.
近两个世纪以来,西方文明这些,最具代表性的因素实际上,正遭到越来越多的抨击
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There are all kinds of things that it might be very useful ; for you to know as an inhabitant of Western civilization; and the New Testament,you might find out, would rank kind of down on the list of those kinds of things.
作为西方文明的一分子,有很多有用的东西可以学;,而新约，你会发现，与这些东西相比，排名比较靠后。
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And musical notation is relied on more in Western music than any other musical civilization around the world.
而音乐记谱法在西方音乐中更受倚重,比在全世界其它音乐文明中地位更高
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And so many scholars, and many people, have remarked that it's not a small irony that the Ancient Near Eastern people with one of the, or perhaps the most lasting legacy, was not a people that built and inhabited one of the great centers of Ancient Near Eastern civilization.
很多学者，很多人都说，拥有世界上最永恒遗产的,古代近东居民，并不是那些修建并居住于，古代近东文明中心的人,这是不是很讽刺呢。
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And the dialogue ends with one of the great moving death scenes in western civilization and as Plato says-- let's get the quote here exactly right-- "Of all those we have known, he was the best and also the wisest and the most upright."
然后对话以一个,西方文明史上最伟大感人的死亡场景结束,用柏拉图的话说,让我们引用的更准确些,在我们所知的所有人中,他是最好,最有智慧,最正直的人
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Let's flip back a step beyond that to Mycenaean civilization for the purpose of noting the great contrast, the great change.
让我们跳回到迈锡尼时代,比较看看两者间巨大的差异,也就可以明白希腊的巨大进步了
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This was a civilization that was not shut in on itself, but was in touch with the entire Mediterranean region.
迈锡尼文明不是一个封闭的文明,它与整个地中海地区都有着联系
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It'd be actually much more valuable for you to know how to ; right?--if you're getting along in Western civilization; or how to use computers,or sexual technique, or how to speak other languages.
懂得如何修车,对吗，如果你要融入西方文明;,还要懂得如何使用电脑，性技巧，说一门或多门外语。
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It is a Bronze Age culture, and it is the first civilization we know in the area.
这是一个青铜时代的文明,也是我们在此区域所知道的第一个文明
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This civilization, like these other ancient Mediterranean kingdoms, was rather advanced.
这样的文明,与其它古老的地中海文明类似,是相当先进发达的
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To put untrammeled reasons and individual freedom at the center of a civilization is to live with the conflict, the turmoil, the instability, and the uncertainty that these things create.
把自由理性和个人自由置于,文明的中心就会伴随着冲突与矛盾,混乱和不安定,以及一些其他的不良影响
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It floats around in Western civilization all the time.
这种冲突在从古至今一直在西方文明中飘荡
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Now, the legacy from the Mycenaeans to Greek civilization later is very limited. But what there is, is very important and no part of it is more important than the Homeric poems themselves.
现在看来,从迈锡尼文明,继承的希腊文明遗产,十分有限,这些有限的部分都很重要,但没有任何一部分比荷马式的史诗本身更重要
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The abandonment of such a study or its adulteration for current political purposes would be a terrible loss for all of humanity, and at the base, at the root of that civilization stood the Greeks.
如果出于政治的目的而对此段历史,视而不见甚至完全摒弃,这对全人类,将是一个巨大的损失,追根溯源,这一切都根植于希腊文明
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Well, if you take a look at the Greek civilization let us say in the classical period, those other cultures wouldn't have had a clue what the Greeks were doing, so different was the Greek experience from theirs.
如果你看一看希腊文明,让我们以古典时期为例,其他文明,都不会理解希腊人在做什么,希腊人与他们的经历是如此不同
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Well, the way we can reason things out from the evidence we have suggests that Greek-speaking peoples came down into the area around the Aegean Sea, perhaps around 2000 B.C., about a thousand years later than the emergence of the Minoan civilization at Crete.
根据现在我们掌握的资料推断,讲希腊语的人群主要集中在爱琴海附近,大概在公元前两千年左右,在米诺斯文明出现在克里特岛大概一千年后
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On the one hand it's clearly good that humans rise above the animals and build cities and wear clothes and pursue the arts of civilization and develop bonds of love and duty and friendship the way that animals do not; these are the things that make humans like the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh.
一方面，成为人类也未尝不是一件好事,人类优于动物，穿着衣服，用自己的双手建造城市,打造文明的生活方式，而爱和责任,把人类联结起来，这些是动物无法比拟的,在《吉尔伽美什史诗》中，这些特质让人类具有神性。
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Here's the line that Homer writes, they live without the Greek word is nomoi, which we would translate as laws, but before they become laws they are the customary norms of society, in other words, civilization.
荷马有如下描写,他们的的生活脱离于nomoi,我们可以将其翻译为法律,但是在这些成为法律之前,它们是社会约定俗成的标准,换言之,就是文明
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