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For a real gas it depends on more than the temperature STUDENT: Are there any other constraints similar to that .
而对实际气体，这是不对的,它的内能不仅仅依赖于温度,学生：有其他,类似的约束吗？
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Instead, we have a certain energy, we have certain geometric constraints, we have a certain energy constraint and these fall out.
然而，我们有确定的能量，我们有某些几何约束，我们有某些能量约束。
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But notice, even if there is incredible constraints on grammars, still--we could still produce an infinite number of sentences.
但是请注意,即使语法有着难以置信的不足,我们却依然可以创造出无限数量的句子
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It's a supposition that whatever the object of theory might be, - theory itself must-- owing to whatever intellectual constraints one can imagine-- be of such and such a form.
不管理论是关于什么事物的，它自己都只能-,由于人们思想的局限性-,以猜想的形式存在。
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This is the remarkable thing about so many of Milton's similes: they're always bursting out of whatever critical or theological constraints that we work so hard to impose on them.
这是弥尔顿的比喻中的亮点：,它们总是能从我们强加的,无论多批判多神学的束缚中,挣脱出来。
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The constraint is the constraint of the experiment and the constraint of the experiment is that the enthalpy is constant. So the constraints we have here, is the constant enthalpy.
这个实验的限制,就是焓是常量,所以这里的限制是焓不变,我们考虑的这个过程。
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And just to look ahead a little bit, you could easily imagine that I might want to not just put a statement in there, what the specs are, I might want to put some constraints. Some specific things to check for, to make sure that you're calling the code right.
这不仅是抽象的概念还有规范的概念，我们再往前看看,你可以简单的想象得到，我不仅仅是想在这里加一个声明,这些规范说明中我还想加一些约束，我们要注意一些特殊的事情。
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Liberty means the absence of constraints or impediments to action.
现代自由意味着人们的行动,将免于他人的妨碍或是国家的强制约束。
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Well what are the constraints?
它制约的是什么呢？
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So with problems at zero, ; which will be posted in two forms; PDF PDF for standard and PDF for hacker on cs50.net tonight, you will have the choice of implementing pretty much any scratch projects you can think of, and which subject to very few constraints.
对于问题集，我们提供了;,标准PDF以及可编程,今晚它们都会被放在CS50，net上，你可以选择任何,你想到的项目，范围不限。
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And what he said was that when you get down to atomic length scales there are limits, there are constraints on our ability to observe.
讲的就是,当你去进入到原子长度的尺度中,我们的观察能力,有一定的限制条件。
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STUDENT: Just a quick question on some of the constraints, like isothermal, isobaric, isovolumetric expansion.
学生：我有个关于,等温，等压，等容等约束条件的小问题。
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And, the equation is subject to these constraints.
然后，这个方程要遵循一些法则。
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Now this is--;So, these are constraints on grammar and they're really interesting because they tell us what's a humanly natural language versus what's not a humanly natural language.
这些就是语法的不足,它们很有意思,因为它们可以告诉我们,什么是人类的自然语言,什么不是人类的自然语言
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Possibly an empty set of constraints.
约束条件得出的也可能是空值。
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Now that's under whatever constraints there are.
无论有什么约束存在。
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And maybe you give it a set of constraints.
你可能给了它一系列的约束条件。
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So, we have, we're interested in the change in internal energy for various experimental constraints.
我们感兴趣的是,在各种实验环境约束下内能的改变。
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Finally, is it true that there's no animal-specific constraints for learning?
最后，对于学习来说,真的没有物种局限性吗？
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And so you've got this tension between what might be evolutionarily wired impulses and the kind of social constraints that say this isn't good, this isn't appropriate, this is taboo.
因此，两者之间有冲突,一方面，从进化论角度来看，你有这样的冲动,但是从社会建构的立场看,这不合适，是社会禁忌。
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It expands. You change your constraints on your system, you heat it up some more, then you take the heat source away, and you put it back in contact with the atmosphere. And you cool it a little bit, change the constraints, cool it a little bit more, and heat, and you've got a closed cycle engine.
让它与大气接触冷却,改变约束，使它继续冷却，然后又再次加热,这就是循环热机，我们以前也研究过，更复杂的机器。
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So this isn't the most useful form that we can have, but what we'll see shortly is that from this, we can then derive further criteria for essentially any set of variables or any set of external constraints, like constant temperature or pressure or volume and so forth that we might set.
所以这不是我们所能得到的最有用的形式，但是我们会很快看到，我们能够进一步推导出包含任意变量,或者任意约束的自发过程判断标准，比如说恒定的温度，压强,体积或者其他我们能够给出的约束。
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And it tries to find the shortest way, subject to those constraints, to get from Point A to Point B. And there are many, many other instances of this kind of thing.
然后谷歌地图开始寻找，满足这些条件的从A地到B地最短路径,还有很多这样的例子，明天我们会再复习一遍这些内容。
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STUDENT: The constraints.
学生：约束条件。
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And the mathematics of that equation involved a double derivative in time of x 0 plus some constant times x equals zero with some constraints on it.
那个数学方程式,包括了x对时间的二阶导数,加上常数乘以x等于,还有一些限制条件。
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