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What are we to make of the incredible similarity of Israel's deity and cult to those of her neighbors?
我们怎么样解释以色列的神与,它邻国宗教的相似性？
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He has this whole group of people out somewhere on the American frontier and they're a kind of a cult.
他描写了来自于美国边界某处的一群人,他们是一群狂热分子
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Then as the eighteenth century wears on, you begin to get the sense as is well known and I think often overstated you begin to get a cult of genius.
8世纪逐渐过去,浪漫主义的出现,开始涌现出一大批天才。
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These shrines may have been associated with some kind of contact with ancestors, some kind of cult of the dead.
这些圣坛也和某些东西有关联,与祖先或者对逝者的崇拜有关。
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And in important ways, the Israelite cult is strikingly similar, particularly in the sacrifices I've just described.
在一些重要的方面，以色列宗教仪式很明显地，类似于我刚刚我说的那些献祭活动。
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In other words, the sacrificial cult was primarily a vehicle for worshipers' expression of a wide range of emotions: joy over the birth of a child, thankfulness for a good harvest and so on.
换句话说，献祭仪式从根本上来说,是表达崇拜者各种各样情感的一个途径：,新生儿带来的喜悦，对好收成的感谢，等等等等。
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The Yahweh cult may have been introduced by people escaping slavery from Egypt.
耶和华崇拜就是由这些引入,他们是从埃及出逃的奴隶。
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We'll learn more about "cult," but it refers to a system of rites, okay?
我们会学到更多关于“祭仪“的内容，而这里它指的是？
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So let's isolate now some of the major themes of Deuteronomy, before we close our study of the Pentateuch. First of all as I've mentioned, the centralization of the cult: that's a key theme in the book of Deuteronomy and it had very important effects.
那么让我们对申命记的几个主题分别讨论，在我们结束摩西五书的学习之前首先就像我们所提到的,那样，信仰的集中化：这是申命记中的,最关键的主题，并且它产生了重大的影响。
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And maybe it was something else. But they withdrew for some reason And how and why they took up the worship of Yahweh or the cult of Yahweh isn't really clear but it seems to have been what marked them as distinct from other Canaanites.
也许是其他原因，但是他们因某一原因而收回,而他们怎样又为何开始了耶和华崇拜,或者说耶和华宗教并不清楚，但似乎,正是这点让他们区别于其他的迦南人。
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By the same token the cult, Kaufman says, has no automatic or material power.
出于同样的原因，祭仪本身不能产生能量。
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Now I use the word "cult" and every year people look at me and say "what is cult? I don't even understand what that means."
在这里我用“祭仪“这个词，每一年人们都会问我,“什么是祭仪？我甚至不知道它是什么意思，“
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The pagan cult, Kaufman claims, is a system of rites.
考夫曼认为，异教祭仪，是一个仪式系统。
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A system of rites, and we'll be looking at the Israelite cult later.
一个仪式系统，之后我们会讲到以色列祭仪。
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It assumes and insists upon the centralization of the cult.
它呈现并且坚持宗教的集中化。
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The ritual cult of the Israelites may look like that of their neighbors but it functioned very differently; its purpose was drastically different from that of Israel's neighbors. The Israelites like their neighbors may have set up a king over themselves. But Israelite monarchy differed from Canaanite monarchy in significant ways because of their monotheism.
从祭拜仪式上看，以色列人和邻国类似,但操作起来很不一样，而目的则完全相反,以色列人可能会像邻国那样,拥立一位君主，然而受一神论的影响,以色列的君主政体和迦南地区的有明显差异。
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When and why did some Israelites adopt a Yahweh-only position, and seek to differentiate what they would call a pure Yahwism from the cult of Baal, for example?
何时，为何以色列人采纳了耶和华，唯一的地位，并且试图与他们所说的纯耶和华崇拜区别,比如说，与Baal宗教？
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So for Wellhausen, the Priestly source, which emphasizes cult and ritual logically it had to represent a late degenerate stage in the evolution of Israelite religion, because priestly ritualistic cultic practices, these are degenerations.
对于Wellhausen，牧师来源强调祭祀和仪式,它代表了一种晚期的退化阶段,在以色列宗教的进化进程，因为牧师仪式的宗教习俗都是一种退化。
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So according to Wellhausen, the early period of ancient Israel must have been characterized by a free, more natural form of religion, an intimate relationship with God, unencumbered or unsullied by the legalistic cultic obsessions of priests and cult.
据Wellhausen，古代以以列早期,一定是以自由自然的宗教形式为特色的，与上帝关系亲密，不受任何阻碍,牧师和仪式痴迷于遵从律法，造成阻碍。
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