He had this intellectual curiosity that defied the kind of orthodox religious skepticism about any kind of rational belief.

他的求知欲使得他藐视,传统宗教对于任何理性观点的怀疑

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

"Science defied". "Doctors defied".

科学遭到挑战““医生遭到挑战。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选