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So we needed to come up with another source, a renewable source, so we turned our attention to embryonic stem cells.
因此，我们需要一种替代材料，一种可以再生的材料，我们注意到了胚胎干细胞胚胎干细胞。
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That's why people are so excited about embryonic stem cells because in nature they become all the cells of the body.
这就是为什么胚胎干细胞如此让人激动,因为它的天然功能就是变成所有身体细胞
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The way we did this was to coax embryonic stem cells first to develop into the surface layer.
我们是这么做的,先诱导胚胎干细胞,发育成外胚层。
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Different than the embryonic stem cell we talked about before, so it's an example of an adult stem cell.
和我们之前谈到的胚胎干细胞有所不同,因此这是个成人干细胞的例子
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To start out I'm going to go back to the thinking about development a little bit, embryonic development, and show you a picture here.
作为这节课的开始,我先稍微回顾一下,一些关于发育过程的内容,先说胚胎发育,这里有张图
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Further down this line here are embryonic or let's say adult brain stem cells.
沿着这条线再往后一些就是胚胎,或者就说是成人脑中的干细胞吧
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It's this - its cells in this region here, this inner cell mass that that's the source of embryonic stem cells, cells from inner cell mass here.
就是这个,在这片区域的胚胎细胞,即内细胞群,而胚胎干细胞的来源所在,就是源自这里的内细胞群
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One of the differences in stem cell populations that you will hear about is you hear about embryonic stem cells and you hear about adult stem cells.
干细胞之间的一个区别,你可能听说过的,那就是既有胚胎干细胞,也有成人干细胞
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Embryonic stem cells can give rise to every cell type in the body.
能分化出人体中,各种类型的细胞。
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We were looking for the mouse cells the mouse embryonic stem cells that we had coaxed into early ear cells whether they were able to form ear cells.
再来看看那些经诱导,发育成早期耳细胞的,老鼠胚胎干细胞,能否发育成耳细胞。
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So we need to get embryonic stem cells to form surface cells.
那么，我们就应该从表层细胞中提取胚胎干细胞。
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Those are called embryonic stem cells, they are self-renewing, and they are pluripotent, meaning they have many potencies.
这些称为胚胎干细胞,它们可以自我更新,且是多能干细胞,即它们有多种潜能
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The cells of this surrounding sheet have become different in some way and they develop into the placenta and the extra embryonic tissues.
环抱在周围的这一层细胞,已经开始逐渐分化,最终成为胎盘,及额外的胚胎组织
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Those are obvious what the differences are, embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos .
这些名称就明确揭示了它们之间的区别,胚胎干细胞是源自于胚胎
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These cells around the outside form the interface, the placenta, where the maternal blood circulation meets the embryonic circulation and nutrients are passed back and forth that way in a very highly regulated and important way.
外层的细胞形成接触面,即胎盘,是母血与胎血,进行血液交换,及营养物质交换的场所,整个过程高度有序并且非常重要
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