-
I want to go back to our energy level diagrams and see if I can rationalize energy level diagrams.
让我们往回看，回到我们的能级图表,来看看我是否能使能级图表合理化些。
-
I would ask you to see how such energy level diagrams rationalize what we know to be true.
我想问你，看看这种能级图,如何证实我们知道的是正确的。
-
Specifically, we have to take in this exact amount of energy in order to bump the electron up to higher energy level.
特别的，我们严格需要,这么多,来把电子，提升到更高的能级。
-
And what you can see directly from looking at this energy level diagram, is that the molecule that we have is now more stable in the individual atoms.
你从直接看,能级图中会发现，分子比单个的,原子能量更低。
-
At this point, we have no other choice but to double up before going to the next energy level, 2px so we'll put a second one in the 2 p x.
在这点上我们没有其他选择,而只有双倍填充,在到下一个能级之前，所以我们放入第二个电子至。
-
This energy level diagram helps us understand the relationship between electron filling and bond strength.
能级图能帮助我们,理解电子填充,和键强的关系。
-
I would say with the aid of an energy level diagram explain the fact that helium is found as atomic gas and not molecular. How about this one?
我要说的是，在能级图的帮助下,可以解释氦气是单原子气体,而不是分子气体这一事实,那么这个呢？
-
And so we are going to use that in order to construct some energy level diagrams.
我们就准备使用它,来建立一些能级图。
-
We could say an energy level diagram 0 This would be energy. Here is zero.
我们可以画一个能量图,这是能量，这里是。
-
So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.
光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。
-
So, let's look at where this comes from with an energy level diagram here.
让我们从这个能级图,来看看怎么得到这个结果的。
-
Now what we can do is look at an energy level diagram.
现在我们能做的是,看一下能量级图表。
-
And what we predict as an energy difference between two levels, we know should correspond to the energy of light that's either emitted, if we're giving off a photon, or that's absorbed if we're going to take on a photon and jump from a lower to a higher energy level.
我们预测，两个能级之间的能量差，我们知道，它要么和发出的光有关,如果它发出光子的话，要么它吸收光子,从低能级跃迁到，更高能级上去。
-
So, if you use a black lamp or something and you excite something up to a higher energy level and then it relaxes back down to its lower energy state, it's going to emit a new wavelength of light, which is going to be visible to you.
如果你用一个紫外灯或别的,东西把某种分子激发到,更高的能级，然后它会掉回,到低能级，它就会释放,一个新的波长的光,这个光是可见的。
-
And I am going to put up this energy level diagram again.
我准备再次贴起,这个能级图。
-
So, if we start instead with talking about the energy levels, we can relate these to frequency, because we already said that frequency is related to, or it's equal to the initial energy level here minus the final energy level there over Planck's constant to get us to frequency.
如果我们从讨论能级开始，我们可以联系到频率上,因为我们说过频率和能量相关,或者说等于初始能量,减去末态能量除以普朗克常数。
-
Absorption is just the opposite of emission, so instead of starting at a high energy level and dropping down, when we absorb light we start low and we absorb energy to bring ourselves up to an n final that's higher.
吸收就是发射的逆过程,与从一个高能量到低能量不同，当吸收光时，我们从低能量开始,吸收能量到一个更高的能量。
-
So anything that goes from a higher energy level to 2 is going to be falling within the Balmer series, which is in the visible range of the spectrum.
任何更高能级到2能级2,都是属于Balmer系，它在可见光谱中。
-
And this is the energy level diagram for multi-electron atoms.
看一下能量级图表中,多电子原子的部分。
-
I want to do energy level diagrams for molecules.
我要为分子制作能级图。
-
This is what the energy level diagram looks like.
这就是能量级图表大致的模样。
-
We'll get to discussing that, but what I want to point out here again is the fact that instead of just being dependent on n, the energy level is dependent on both n and l.
我们将要讨论它，但是我想指出的是事实上能级不只是与n有关,而是与n和l都有关系，而且n不再是。
-
They're not going to want to add on another electron, because then it'll have to jump a very large energy level go from n equals 2, to n equals 3, and n equals 4, and so on.
它们不愿意增加另外一个电子，因为这会让它们跳到一个非常高的能级上去,依次是，n，等于，2，3，4，等等。
-
So, our next level up that we can go is going to be the n equals 2 energy level, but we also have an l and an m value, 0 so our lowest l is going to be a there.
所以下一个能量,是n等于2的能级，但我们还有l和m的值，所以我们最低的l等于。
-
So that explains why they're so reactive, they're all very willing to give up that one s orbital and then drop to a lower energy level.
这就解释了它们的化学性质为什么非常活泼，它们都很愿意失去那个，s，电子,然后降到更低的能级上去。
-
And when you talk about n for an orbital, it's talking about the shell that shell is kind of what you picture when you think of a classical picture of an atom where you have 1 energy level, the next one is further out, the next one's further away.
当你们谈到，某个轨道的n时，你们说的是壳层，壳层就是,你想象，一个原子,的经典图像时的场景,你有一个能级，下一个再更远的地方，再下一个又更远。
-
So if we go to the ground state, what you see is we're at that lowest energy level, and we only have one possibility for an orbital, because when n equals 1, that's all we can do.
如果我们在基态上，你可以看到，我们在能量最低的态上，只有一种，可能的轨道，因为n等于1，只有这种可能。
-
So we know that we can relate to z effective to the actual energy level of each of those orbitals, and we can do that using this equation here where it's negative z effective squared r h over n squared, we're going to see that again and again.
我们知道我们可以将有效电荷量与,每个轨道的实际能级联系起来，我们可以使用方程去解它,乘以RH除以n的平方,它等于负的有效电荷量的平方,我们将会一次又一次的看到它。
-
This is the energy level diagram of H2.
这是H2的能级图。
应用推荐