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So that's a big help. And equilibrium happens when there isn't any possible change of state that would satisfy this.
这个非常方便，当所有的变化,都无法满足这个公式的时候,系统就达到了平衡。
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So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.
这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。
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And so the balance of the attractive term and the repulsive term eventually leads us to this situation where we have the equilibrium spacing.
在吸引力,和排斥的共同作用下,得到这种结果,即空间上的平衡。
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This normal weight animal like this has its whole equilibrium thrown off, its homeostasis thrown off when its dietary conditions change.
在饮食条件发生变化时,这些正常体重动物的生理平衡被打破,于是摈弃了原来的平衡饮食
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Normally, we do these things to keep an equilibrium among the different systems of the unconscious, but sometimes it doesn't work.
一般来说，我们会运用这些机制,去维持无意识系统的平衡，但有时防御机制也会不起作用。
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Is that right? In this game, when we analyzed the game repeatedly, it seemed like our analysis converged towards the equilibrium.
没错吧,当我们反复分析这个博弈,我们的分析最后会趋近均衡
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So, that's a homogeneous system, one phase. You have to know if your system is an equilibrium system or not.
所以这是个均匀系统，只有一个相，你得知道你的系统,是不是个平衡系统。
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When you don't have to worry about criteria like that ordinary, mechanical energy rules supreme, and that's dictating where equilibrium lies.
如果你不担心像这样的要求,通常的机械能就占据主要地位，并且决定平衡位于何处。
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In other words, if we don't have to worry about entropy or volume equilibrium is achieved when energy is at a minimum.
换句话说，如果我们不担心熵,和体积的平衡,那么能量就得是最小的。
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now you have this object which is going to tell you whether other things are in thermal equilibrium now.
现在你有了一个可以告诉你,其他物体是否处于,热平衡的物体。
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Even though these best responses are pretty complicated it turns out that there's only one Nash Equilibrium in this game.
虽然最佳对策是很复杂的,在这个博弈中却只有一个纳什均衡
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And in this game if they keep on doing that, it's going to drag them back to Nash Equilibrium.
这个博弈,如果他们一直这样做,最终会达到纳什均衡的状态
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Thermodynamicstalks about equilibrium systems and how to go from one state of equilibrium to another state of equilibrium.
热力学研究的是平衡系统,以及如何,从一个平衡态转变到另一个平衡态。
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And in the end, when it's at equilibrium, and you look and you'd make a measurement, right, you could do spectroscopy.
当他处于平衡状态的时候，你可以做测量，比方说做光谱分析。
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So the triple point is liquid solid, gas, all in equilibrium.
气态，固态，三相平衡,你可能会想。
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And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.
热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。
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If I place my container of gas on the table here, and I come back an hour later, the pressure needs to be the same when I come back Otherwise it's not equilibrium.
如果我把装气体的容器放在桌子上，一小时以后我再回来时,气体的压强应该是不变的,否则它就不是平衡的。
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If I stop, if I move slowly, if I move more slowly then these two will want equilibrium.
如果我停下来，如果我缓慢地移动活塞,非常缓慢，结果这两个压强会平衡。
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And so what I get is the energy of the system at the equilibrium separation is given by minus z plus.
这就是通过减去z+得到得平衡分离时,我得到的能量体系。
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Now we want to show a notation, how do we go from one equilibrium state like this describes to another equilibrium state?
现在我们要展示一种记号，来标记）我们如何,从这里描述的,这样的一个平衡态过渡到另一个平衡态？
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If I've got a gas in a container, the pressure of the gas has to be the same everywhere in the container, otherwise it's not equilibrium.
如果把气体装进容器里，容器内各处气体的压强,应该是一样的，否则它就不是平衡的。
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So I just want to use that again and again, starting from that, for various different sorts of conditions andderive the criterion for equilibrium in each set of conditions.
所以我将会一遍又一遍地使用这个公式，从这个公式出发，在各种条件了,推导出,任意条件下的平衡条件。
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And we reasoned that these two eventually reach some kind of an equilibrium separation which we are using lowercase r to represent.
我们推导,这两个最终能达到,某种平衡分离,我们用小写的r代表。
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and added a structure of math upon it, to build this edifice, which is a very solid edifice of thermodynamics as a science of equilibrium systems.
了这座热力学的坚固大厦，这是一门，平衡态系统,的科学。
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There's our condition for equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure.
这就是我们在,恒定温度和压强下的平衡条件。
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It's obvious he's going to win this election, Just to ask the question, is this an equilibrium?
他显然将赢得这个选举,问个问题,这是个均衡吗
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Now that's not always going to happen but it's kind of a nice feature about Nash Equilibrium.
虽然这不总会发生,但这也是纳什均衡的一个亮点
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The one that is at equilibrium, there is only one macroscopic state at equilibrium.
处于平衡的状态，并且只有一个平衡的宏观状态。
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All right, well, there's our equilibrium criterion.
这是我们的平衡判据。
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In other words, we need criteria for equilibrium under more general conditions than the ones that we've dealt with so far, than the one set of conditions that we've dealt with so far, which is isolated system.
换句话说,相比我们目前为止,考虑和处理的问题，我们需要更一般条件下平衡的判据,我们目前，只考虑了孤立系统。
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