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The extracellular matrix or the collagen gel gives the tissue integrity, and in part, determines its mechanical properties.
细胞外基质或者说胶原蛋白凝胶,使组织成为一个整体,在某种程度上,决定了组织的机械性能
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The other reason why cells stay together is that they're surrounded by a matrix that's called extracellular matrix.
另一个使细胞凝聚在一起的原因是,它们被,叫做细胞外基质的一种基质所包围
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They might ingest extracellular antigen, presented pieces of it on their cell surface in the context of MHC-2.
它们可以吞噬胞外抗原,根据细胞表面的,主要组织相容性抗原-2
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It could be those differences that they experience in their extracellular environment that lead to their choice to either self-renew or to become committed.
有可能就是由于,这种细胞外环境的不同,最终导致它们自我更新,或者成为定向的祖细胞
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So, this is called the extracellular region or domain, this is the trans-membrane region or domain, and this is the cytoplasmic region or domain.
因此,这部分叫做胞外区,中间这部分叫做跨膜区,内部这一段叫做胞质区
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We talked last time about extracellular matrix and this complex protein-carbohydrate gel that surrounds all cells.
我们上次谈到过的细胞外基质,是一种蛋白和碳水化合物的复合物胶冻,它环绕在细胞周围
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Well, what if this division takes place in an environment where there's one kind of extra cellular matrix here and another kind of extracellular matrix here?
那如果在细胞分裂的过程中,两个子细胞的细胞外基质不同,会对它们产生什么影响
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Extracellular matrix in most tissues is abundant in collagen and other proteins like collagen.
大部分组织中的细胞外基质,都富含胶原蛋白和其他类似蛋白
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They're small molecules, they're lipid soluble, they can go from extracellular to intracellular.
它们是小分子,并且是脂溶性的,它们能从胞外进入胞内
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It's called the synaptic cleft and it's filled with extracellular fluid.
这一空间叫做突触间隙,中间充满了细胞外液
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Antibodies are outside of cells circulating in your extracellular fluid.
抗体在细胞外的 细胞外液中循环
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For now, just picture it in this simple way as a molecule, usually a protein, that's embedded in the cell membrane and many receptors have a part of them that is extracellular.
现在,我只把这种分子图示出来,受体通常是一种蛋白质,它们镶嵌在细胞膜上,很多受体还有部分结构露在细胞外
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That's how cells exist in extracellular matrix.
细胞在细胞外基质中就是那个样子
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What extracellular matrix you have in any particular tissue is there because there's a balance between it being produced by one kind of cell and digested by another, and you're in this sort of state of dynamic equilibrium.
特定组织中,细胞外基质的多少,取决于一个,分泌与降解的平衡,这是一种动态的平衡关系
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They carry a potential, that is, if you could - if you had a tiny, tiny electrical meter, you could one put one electrode on one side of the cell membrane, on the extracellular side and one on the intracellular side and measure, you would measure a potential difference; just like a battery you would measure a potential difference.
它们带有电势,就是说,如果你能有一个足够小的电位计,可以把一个电极放在细胞膜一侧,假设放在细胞外的一侧,另一个电极放在细胞内侧并测量,你能测到一个电势差,就像电池那样能测到电势差
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Well, it's true that it's not stuck to plastic but it is stuck to other materials The other materials that it's stuck to include other cells that surround it and this complex matrix which surrounds all of the cells in our body called extracellular matrix and I'll get to that in just a few moments.
体内的细胞不会贴在塑料片上,但是它们会和别的材料黏联在一起,这些材料包括,细胞和周围细胞间的黏联,细胞同细胞外基质的黏联,我们身体中包围在细胞周围的物质,称为细胞外基质,后面我会详细讲到
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