Before that, diabetics had been treated with insulin that came from a different source, usually from pigs, so by harvesting and purifying insulin from pig pancreas.

在此之前 糖尿病患者,所用的胰岛素来自于不同的来源,通常是从猪身上提取的,是从猪的胰腺中提取并纯化而成的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And they did that by intentionally infecting calves, by harvesting their skin when they were at a certain point of the disease, and by isolating the virus from the skin of the calves.

他们有意感染很多小牛,当小牛疾病发展到一定程度,就收割牛皮,然后把病毒从牛皮里分离出来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选