The neuron is a specific sort of cell and the neuron has three major parts, as you could see illustrated here .

神经元是一种特殊的细胞,正如你们所见,神经元有三个主要部分

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Some key parts are illustrated here.

示意图里标注了一些关键组织

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选