But they weren't all the same, and they were in different geographical situations, they had different beliefs.

他们各不相同，生活于不同的地理环境，有着不同的信仰。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

What's the general term that captures all such situations in Economics?

经济学里与之有关的通用术语叫什么

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选