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So, that's actually the electron configuration we have when we're talking about copper and some other exceptions in the periodic table that you're going to be looking at.
因此，这才是铜原子真正的电子排布,而且我们在元素周期表中,会看到与铜原子类似的,其他例外的情况。
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And there's a lot we can explain by talking about what we see in the periodic table in terms of what different trends are in grouping different elements in different spots within the periodic table.
我们可以解释很多,通过讨论元素,周期表中的内容,按照各种不同的规律,将周期表中不同位置的元素分组归类。
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We need to add something else in order to explain what is going on in the Periodic Table.
我们需要引其他一些东西进来才能解释清楚,元素周期表中发生的这种现象。
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And we know as we go across a row in the periodic table, what's happening is that z effective or the effective pull on the nucleus is increasing.
而我们知道沿着周期表的某一行向右看，有效核电量,或者说原子核的有效引力是在逐渐增大的。
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So, the vast majority of elements in the periodic table are metals.
所以，元素周期表中的大部分,都属于金属。
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Well, if we look on the chart, the first ionization energy is what is reported in your Periodic Table.
如果我们查阅图表，一级电离能,已经在元素周期表上标示了。
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Versus looking at, for example, helium or neon or argon, these are all inert gases, inert meaning essentially do not react, those were grouped together in the periodic table.
相反，他发现氦，氖，氩，都是惰性气体，惰性的意思是基本不参与化学反应，因此把它们放在周期表中的同一类里。
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So basically, at the time he was just going on size and then traits, but what we actually know today is that we can also order things in the periodic table by electron configuration.
基本上，在当时他只能通过大小,和特性来进行，但是现在我们已经知道了,我们还可以通过电子排布来对它们进行排序。
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So hopefully, it was a time issue in terms of looking at the periodic table, because let's have you tell me what are we looking for here?
希望刚才大家出问题的原因,是因为看周期表有时间限制，请大家告诉我,我们在这里找什么？
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And now we can rationalize what is going on in the Periodic Table.
现在我们能合理解释,元素周期表上的东西了。
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So, this means we have the general trends down, so we should be able to look at actual atoms in our periodic table and graph them and see that they match up with our trends.
那么，这表示我们已经知道了大体的规律，现在我们可以来看看周期表中的,原子的实际情况，并把它们画出来,看看是否与我们的规律相符。
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And this is the same periodic table that you're going to get in your exams, so it's good to practice doing your problem-sets with that periodic table so you're not relying on having the double check right there of seeing what the electron configuration is.
这也是你们考试时会用到的相同的表,这样你们就不会，所以使用周期表来做问题集,是很好的练习,这样你们就,不会依赖于再次确认,电子构型是什么了。
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And after the periodic table was developed in the late 1800's, people didn't understand this quite as well, they took things a little more literally.
在十九世纪后期元素周期表经过发展之后，人们还没有很好地意识到这一点，他们的认识还有些粗浅。
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If you look up in the corner of your Periodic Table on one of the sides, they have actually tabulated this for you.
你认真看一下角落上,在一个角落，应该已经为你们把数据列成表了。
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And so here is the Periodic Table in its glory today following on Mendeleev's scheme.
所以，这是周期表,今天非常光荣地跟在门捷列夫的图表之后。
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And then, just so that you will be literate in the rest of the Periodic Table, if you look at the higher ones, this is how you name them.
然后，你对周期表的,其他方面也都知道了，如果你观察高一点的元素，这是你们叫它们的方式。
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Second thing, we started talking about the periodic table and I believe that it's a hallmark of any educated person in the 21st century who is technically literate to know the periodic table by heart.
第二点，我们之前讨论过元素周期表,我相信这是个标志性的特征,对于那些在21世纪里,用心去学习,元素周期表的人来说。
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And what we can do is we can also use the Schrodinger equation to make these accurate predictions for any other atom that we want to talk about in the periodic table.
我们能做的是,我们可以使用,薛定谔方程去做一些,关于我们想要讨论的元素周期表,中任何一个原子的预测。
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So, for example, we can move to the next periods in the periodic table. When we talk about a period, we're just talking about that principle quantum number, so period 2 means that we're talking about starting with the 2 s orbitals, period 3 starts with, what we're now filling into the 3 s orbitals here.
我们可以移至周期表的下一个周期,当我们讨论一个周期时，我们仅仅讨论,周期3以我们所填充的3s轨道，开始填充所以周期2意味着,我们从2s轨道谈起，周期3以我们所填充的3s轨道开始填充。
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And in contrast, in the lower left hand part of the periodic table, these 2 quantities are low, so also what we're going to see is low electronegativity.
相反地，在周期表的左下部分，这两个量的值都很小，因此我们会看到这里的电负性也很低。
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So if you flip the info page over on the back here, what you'll see is the periodic table, this is the same one that I've handed out in the last two lectures - the periodic table without any electron configurations.
将这张纸翻过来，你可以看到一个元素周期表，这与我们前两次课发过的,是一样的,-没有任何电子排布的周期表。
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You will never in this class have to memorize anything about the periodic table.
这门课并不要求大家去背元素周期表,一点都不要求。
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And in terms of doing this for your homework, I actually want to mention that in the back page of your notes I attached a periodic table that does not have electron configurations on them. It's better to practice doing electron configurations when you cannot actually see the electron configurations.
关于你们的作业，是在你们讲义的后面的页,我附上了一张,没有给出电子构型的周期表,最好联系一下做出电子构型,当你们实际上看不到,电子构型的时候。
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Otherwise, we don't have enough seats, or we don't have enough test papers and so on. By the way, on the tests, you will be getting tomorrow these handouts that you can use in working the homeworks , so when you are taking the test, you are allowed to bring in the copy of the periodic table of the elements.
否则，我们就没有足够的座位，或者没有足够的考试卷子,顺便说一下，在测试当中，你们明天会拿到这些讲义,就可以用来做作业了,当你们在做测试时，你们可以带来,元素周期表。
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So if we consider lithium, potassium, and sodium, they're all together in the same group on the periodic table, knowing what we do about biology we can immediately think of sodium and potassium, or even just knowing what you know about table salt, for example, that these are two elements that we find, and particularly in the ion form in very high concentrations in our body.
我们来考虑一下锂，钾和钠，它们都在周期表中的同一族里，想要知道我们将元素周期律,用到生物学会怎么样，我们首先想到的就是钠和钾，甚至只需要知道食盐，我们发现它们是以很高浓度的离子形式,存在于我们体内的两种元素。
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