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In contrast today, because we have antibiotics and we have vaccines, people don't die of infectious diseases as often.
相反,在现在,因为我们有了抗生素和疫苗,死于感染性疾病的人就不像以前那么多
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And there are many reasons for this, our success in eliminating infectious diseases as causes in the developed world.
还有很多原因,在发达国家我们成功地消灭了感染性疾病
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And so you can see the pneumonia, tuberculosis, the communicable diseases, infectious diseases, for the most part, are taking the most lives at that point.
你可以看到肺炎,肺结核,传染病,感染性疾病,是夺走大多数人生命的主要原因
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Separating our water supply from sewage and learning how to do wastewater treatment was a really important part of reducing infectious diseases.
把净水和污水分开,以及学会污水处理的方法,是减少感染性疾病传播方法中的重要部分
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Usually it's done by taking all or part of the infectious agent, and showing them to your immune system in some way.
通常它会带着全部或部分抗原介质,并以某种方式呈递给你的免疫系统
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Okay, so let's talk about the example of smallpox, which is one of the world's great successes in the battle against infectious diseases.
我们现在来谈一谈天花,它是人类与传染病的斗争中,获得的一项伟大胜利
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That had a remarkable effect on reducing transmission of infectious diseases, in doctor's offices and hospitals.
这显著的减少了,在医生的办公室和医院内部,感染性疾病的传播
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So the problem of infectious disease prevention and treatment isn't solved yet, you know this, right?
传染病预防和治疗的问题,现在仍然没有解决,你们应该了解,对吧
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In 1665, 93% of the people that died in that year died of infectious diseases.
在一六六五年死亡的总人数中,百分之九十三都是死于感染性疾病
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And so they're already very safe, very effective vaccines available for many infectious diseases.
所以这些疫苗非常安全有效,常备用来对付各种传染病
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How come these have risen above infectious diseases over the last several hundred years?
在过去的几百年中,它们的致死率是如何超过感染性疾病的的
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In contrast, if you look at a U.S.City, ten years ago in 1997 for example, then people still died but they didn't die predominantly from infectious diseases.
相反,我们看美国的城市,例如在十年前,即一九九七年,人们还是会死亡,但是最主要的死因不再是感染性疾病
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Usually it involves pieces of the infectious agent itself, to cause that engagement.
通常疫苗自身也包含部分传染性介质,以便达成匹配
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Now in some--in the chronic respiratory diseases there's some infection but most of the other things are caused by lifestyle or by other factors, not the infectious diseases.
如今一些,如慢性呼吸道疾病,有一些是传染所得,但大多数,都是生活方式或其他因素导致的,而不是感染性疾病
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So, it first infects you because you breathe in some of the infectious agent.
所以,只要吸入病原体,你就会被感染
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It was easy to tell if somebody had an infectious disease but you might not have known that they had cancer at that time and they just died.
如果有人患有感染性疾病,那很容易判断,但在那个时候医生可能不知道,病人得的就是癌症,病人就这么死去了
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