They have an innate feel for it and it happens organizationally that it happens from a leadership standpoint.

有着敏锐的直觉,通过团体落实任务,这样就可以从领导者的高度统领一切。

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One kind of response is called the innate response and innate means that it's present from the beginning.

其中之一称为先天性免疫反应,先天的意思是生来就有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And the question that preoccupies developmental psychologists is how do we come to have this knowledge, and in particular, how much of it is hard-wired, built-in, innate.

发展心理学家们所关心的问题,就是我们如何获得这些知识的,特别是,这其中有多少是固有的,内在的,天生的

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Just like people have a genetic code, perhaps, that gives us various instructions that we begin to follow out, or certain innate psychology or what have you.

就像人类拥有基因编码,给我们传达各种各样,得以遵循的指示,或者是某种与生俱来的心理,等等等等

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The innate immune system composed of neutrophils and macrophages; these are cells that are crawling around your body all the time ready to eat bacteria.

它由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞构成,这些细胞不断在周身蠕行,准备吞噬细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.

事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

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your innate immune system tries to get rid of them.

你的先天性免疫系统试着去清除细菌

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That there is no innate knowledge.

一，知识并非天生。

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So, that's the innate response.

所以 这就是先天免疫反应

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There's a lot of debate over how much is innate and what the character of the built-in mental systems are but there's nobody who doubts nowadays that a considerable amount for humans and for other animals is built-in.

尽管对于先天存在程度,以及内在心理系统所起的作用,还存在着很多的争论,然而如今的人们已经不再怀疑,先天因素在人类以及其他动物身上,所起到的重要作用。

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There is considerable evidence for different forms of innate knowledge and innate desires and we'll look--and we'll talk about it in detail when we look at case studies like language learning, the development of sexual preference, the developing understanding of material objects.

大量不同形式的证据,证明了先天知识和先天欲望的存在,当我们讲到语言学习，性偏好发展,以及物质客体理解的发展，等主题的个案研究时，会来细讲这些证据。

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Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.

这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选