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And he poses for this photo as an intake photo as he enters St. Elizabeth's Hospital for the Insane in Washington.
这是他在入住华盛顿圣伊丽莎白精神病院时,所拍的入住照片。
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Well, first it is important because it's-- you need to track what the population is eating and also individual intake.
说它重要首先是因为,你需要探寻人们都吃什么,还有个体摄入量
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But there is ample room for increasing revenue intake...India's agriculture sector for example, remains largely untaxed.
但还有足够的空间,提升政府的收入，比如说,印度的农业，大都不征税。
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What did you learn about how easy or hard it is to keep track of what food intake is?
你从记录食物摄入过程中,学到了什么,记录饮食是难是易
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Now let's take this information and put it in the context of what a day's fat and calorie intake might be like.
现在让我们把刚才的知识运用到实际中,我们一天脂肪和卡路里摄入量是多少
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However, for dietary intake, there have been fewer advances like that because it's such a difficult thing to get a hold of.
然而,对于饮食摄入量,和那些比则进步要少,因为这很难把握
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There will be days when you're very busy, you don't have time to eat and your food intake is lower then normal.
有些天你可能很忙,没有时间吃东西,你的食物摄入就比平时少
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Okay, so way over the protein limit even though the intake of meat isn't so high.
尽管没有摄入过多的肉类,蛋白质还是超出了限制范围
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Well there are methods that get used to track population intake and methods to track individual food intake, and let's talk about each of them.
有的方法,用于追踪总体摄入量,有的方法追踪个体食物摄入量,让我们分开来谈
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Well, we'll sort through all these and discuss what a society might do to help change food preferences and food intake patterns in the society.
我们会通览所有问题然后讨论社会该做些,什么来帮助我们改变饮食偏好和饮食习惯
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In all cases, these are significant variations from what the recommended dietary intake should be.
所有这些中,实际摄入量,和推荐摄入量之间都有着巨大的差异
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The next one is a colleague of mine, William Corbin, who's doing some very interesting work on alcohol intake and gambling, and sometimes how they go together.
下一位是我的同事威廉·柯宾,他在从事关于酗酒及嗜赌的研究,为何两者常会被联系在一起
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Population intake: how do we know what to recommend to people to eat?
总体摄入量,我们如何知道,该建议别人吃什么
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And then the investigators actually measured these things, and found that with reported and actual energy intake, how many calories people were consuming, there was really quite a difference.
研究人员实际上得到了以下结果,实验对象汇报的和实际的能量摄入,也就是人们摄入的卡路里,两者有较大差异
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When we talk about methods to track individual food intake, there are different ways of doing this, different methods that get used and they have different levels of accuracy.
说到有关探寻,个体食物摄入的方法,有几种不同的方法,不同的方法,精确度也不同
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.. And that's where a lot of...you know if a proper government can try figure out how to increase the revenue intake and then ... how to redistribute...somemore effectively.
所以就,如果政府能努力想办法,提高所得财政收入,和更加有效地重新分配支出。
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So what researchers do is they hope to get enough people in a sample, where overall, you hope to be capturing normal intake.
所以研究者做的是,让尽可能多的人群进入样本,总体上你就可以得到正常的摄入量了
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And you check the frequency and then inferences are made about your overall intake from that.
核对频率,然后根据你的总摄入量,得出结论
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And then not surprisingly, vegetables and fish, and there is research as well showing that moderate alcohol intake is linked to lower risk of heart disease.
接下来是蔬菜和鱼,这并不足为奇,还有研究表明,适量饮酒可以降低心脏病的患病风险
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That the average--- the people were reporting consuming eleven, 1200 calories or something, but when their food intake was actually measured it was over 2 000 calories.
实验对象汇报的,卡路里是1100或者1200卡,但他们实际食物摄入量,超过了2000卡
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Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
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And then the next slide shows the average reported intake of ten year olds in the United States, and you can see the pie charts don't line up very well.
而下一张幻灯显示了,美国十岁孩子的平均摄入量,你可以看到这两张饼图并不能很好地重合
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Well that counts on your ability to accurately assess what people are eating, or what the whole population is eating, and so measuring population intake is incredibly important to dietary recommendations.
要想准确评估人们在吃什么,或者整个,人类在吃什么,这只能依靠你的能力,所以统计总体摄入量,对饮食方面的建议非常重要
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Fiber is related at a risk for some diseases, particularly some cancers, and therefore the low fiber intake that we have now compared to what our ancestors had is a factor.
纤维素可以抵抗一些疾病,尤其是某些癌症,相对古人来说我们摄入量偏低,因此我们对一些癌症的抵抗能力就低
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Diet, as we said before, is having a big impact, so estimates are that you can attribute two point six million deaths per year globally to low intake of fruits and vegetables.
如我们之前所说,饮食对健康至关重要,所以大致估计每年全球,有260万人的死亡可归结于,水果与蔬菜的摄入过少
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