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I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中，失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
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We talked about this reaction here where we had chloride ion in the gas phase plus sodium ion in the gas phase.
我们在讨论这一个反应,我们有气相的氯原子,与气相的钠原子接触。
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Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.
电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。
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In the presence of this ligand, this molecule, it's open, it allows transport of this ion, when the ligand is gone it doesn't.
配体存在的情况下通道才打开,允许这些离子穿过,配体离开后,这些离子就不能通过了
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We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.
我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。
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So now, let's get a sodium here, and the chloride ion next to it to the point where they are touching.
所以，我们要有一个钠离子，和氯离子放在,相互接触的一个点上。
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And, we're going to look at what happens as the chloride ion moves from infinity in towards the positive ion.
然后我们要看一下,当氯离子从无限远处逐渐靠近,这个正离子会发生什么。
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So we could think about comparing the potassium ion to a sodium ion. They have the same charge of plus one.
我们可以想象比较一下钾离子,与钠离子，它们都同样带有正一价的电荷。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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So a plus two ion means that we're removing two electrons from the atom and the electrons that we're going to remove are always going to be the highest energy electrons.
一个2价正离子,我们要移除的两个电子,我们要移除的两个电子,将会是,最高能量的电子。
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So in the case of boron here, what we're starting with is the ion, and now we're going to pull one more electron out.
那么在硼的情况下，我们应该从这个离子开始，现在我们要再拿走一个电子。
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So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.
因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。
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Well, we would have to H+ have one of these hydrogen atoms go to an H plus, * plus an electron, right? **H --> H+ + e-** So, now we have a hydrogen ion here.
我们先要让,一个氢原子变成氢离子，加上一个电子，对么*,我们现在有一个氢离子了。
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If instead we had a positive ion, a cation, what we would have to do is subtract 1.
如果我们有一个带正电的离子，一个正离子，那我们就需要再减去一个。
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And I know there's a lot to talk about this competition, but let's just get into listening mode here and talk about how we can figure out what the correct electron configuration is for this ion.
我知道刚才关于这次比赛大家有很多话要聊，但是请大家先转换到听讲的模式,来看看如何才能弄清楚,这个离子正确的电子排布。
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Because if it was a neurotransmitter activated ion channel, what would happen when the neurotransmitter bound here?
因为假如这是一个,神经递质激活的离子通道,当神经递质结合于此的时候,会发生些什么呢
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However, when that gate is opened, the sodium channel is now going to be incredibly selective and only let through sodium ions and no other type of ion.
但是，当闸门打开的时候，钠离子通道,将会有极高的选择性,不允许除钠离子以外的任何其它离子通过。
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So, let's try another example here, and let's try a case now where instead of dealing with a neutral molecule we have an ion, so we have c n minus.
那么，让我们来试一下另外一个例子，这次不是一个中性原子,而是一个离子，氰离子。
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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
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It allows for plurality of bonds from any ion.
对于任何离子，能形成很多键。
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And, this minimum here is what gives us the value of the inter-electrode separation, the inter-ion separation.
这个最小值就是,电极间距离的值，离子间距离的值。
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The z effective is lower, so we have to put less energy in to get an ion out.
它的有效核电量更低，所以我们只需要更少的能量就能打出一个离子。
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We can already use that in terms of single ions to think about a really complex biological issue, which is to talk about ion channels.
我们已经能够仅仅凭借这个关于单个离子的原理,来讨论一个非常复杂的生物问题了，我们要讨论的就是离子通道。
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What all of these channels have is what's called a selectivity filter, so this filter filters out the type of ion that's going to be allowed through.
这些离子通道都有的一部分,就是所谓的选择性过滤器，这个过滤器,会滤过允许穿过的离子。
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So, that is just a quick example for some of you, you might be very familiar with ion channels, others might not know what these are, so I'll just tell you quite briefly that ion channels are these very massive transmembrane proteins.
这对你们中的某些人来说仅仅是个小例子，有些人可能已经非常熟悉离子通道这个概念了，但有些人可能还不清楚，那么就让我来简单地介绍一下离子通道,就是这些巨大的跨膜蛋白。
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