By the same token, if literature has effects, it must have effects on someone, and this gives rise to the equally interesting and vexing question, "What is a reader?"

同样，如果文学史有影响的，它一定会对某些人产生影响，它也会引出一个同样有趣,而恼人的问题，“读者是谁？“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

That's so basic, it must have happened a million times and that's the basic idea of the stock market.

这是很基础的概念,早已屡见不鲜,而这就是股票市场的最初思想

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Somebody? What's the key thing? It must have the potential to refute the hypothesis.

有人知道么？关键点在哪儿？,实验必须有反驳我们假设的可能。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

All that glitters is not gold, but it must have free electrons.

并非所有发光的都是金子，但是要发光必须有自由电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

However dimly that light came through to you, suffering so acutely from the rough denial of the very existence of American ideals, part of it must have come through American delineation of American characters.

不管遇到何种艰险，哪怕翻山越岭,哪怕趟水滚沙，这些都需要,生动的角色来表现出来。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

It must have the form of that of which it speaks."

它必须具有自己所说之物的形式“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

We find Egyptian things in Mycenae and vice versa, and also presumably, much of it must have gone into Mesopotamia; some of it went all the way to the Western Mediterranean.

我们在迈锡尼城中发现了来自埃及的物品,反之亦然,由此推测,很多迈锡尼物品也散播到了美索不达米亚,其中一些出现在西地中海

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And the idea, again, is the kids who don't get rewarded say to themselves, "Well, I just spent time doing it, it must have an intrinsic value," while the children who get rewarded say, "I did it for the sticker. I did it for the toy.

再一次，没有得到奖励的孩子心里想，“我花了时间来做这件事，它一定是有内在的价值的”,而拿到奖励的小孩会说，“我是为了贴纸和玩具才做的”

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Well it happened because we clearly must have a faulty assumption This can't possibly be true.

是因为做了,一个错误的,这不可能是真的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If then You slay this people to a man, the nations who have heard Your fame will say, 'It must be because the Lord was powerless to bring that people into the land He had promised them on oath that He slaughtered them in the wilderness.

如今你若把这些人杀了，那听到你名声的国家会说,耶和华因为不能把这些人领进,向他们起誓的应许之地,所以在旷野中把他们杀了。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

If you want to have high level of creativity, it's a must you have to be depressed.

如果你想拥有更高水平的创造力，必须承受抑郁。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

And what de Broglie said is well, if it's true that light, which has a wavelength can have momentum, then it must also be true that matter, which has momentum, also has a wavelength.

德布罗意说的是，如果光具有波长和动量是对的,那么物质具有动量和波长,也一定是对的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

He must have had, it is conjectured, a rather ladylike appearance as a young man.

据推测，作为一个年轻男人他一定有一个很女性化的面孔。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

The notion is, if there's something foreign that's being produced inside this cell, then that cell must have been corrupted in some way and it has to be gotten rid of.

免疫反应的规矩是这样的,如果某些外源物在你细胞内产生,那说明这个细胞的某些地方,已经被损害了所以必须被清除掉

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, that's right and of course we don't have any good reason to follow Plato when he says it must be the case that the soul exsited prior to birth.

这是正确的,而且我们没什么好的理由,跟随柏拉图的观点,即，灵魂存在于出生之前。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

It is not enough merely to speak the same words, but in a sense, citizens must have certain common experiences, certain common memory and experience that shape a city and the people.

仅是说相同的话还不够，另一方面，公民还必需,要有特定的共同经历，特定的共同记忆,与形塑城市与人民的经历。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

It must have been that they somehow knew on the issuance date that the stock price was going to go up, but he said they couldn't possibly know that in these general circumstances.

这一定是,他们在发放期权的当日就知道,股价将要上涨,但是李认为在正常情况下,他们是不可能知道的

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

There must be fundamental reasons for it and I wanted to go over some of the fundamental reasons why we have banks.

它的形成必有其根本的原因,下面我就阐述银行产生的一些基本原因,为什么会有银行

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

That must be an interesting story, but I just have it here, and I think the poem tells you something about engineering if you go through it - and the problems of engineering.

这一定是个有趣的故事,我就这么一讲,我想这首民谣告诉了我们,关于工程的一些东西,如果做工程的话,关于工程的一些问题

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选