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Clearly early Christianity has got to be studied in the context of Ancient Judaism, and so we'll do so next time.
所以显然早期基督教必须放在，古犹太教背景中研究，我们下堂课会讲。
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That's a pretty unique claim. And they carried with them the idea and the traditions that laid the foundation for the major religions of the western world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
为现今西方世界奠定基础的,理念和传统，就是由他们,传承下来的：,犹太教，基督教及伊斯兰教。
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And for the Muslims on the world, believing in Judaism and Christianity is an essential thing.
对于全世界的穆斯林来说，信奉犹太教或基督教是非常重要的。
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Now, Judaism is actually a religion with a less than clear story about the afterlife.
犹太教实际上,并没有对人死后的去向给予清晰的解释
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Christianity's main roots were in Judaism, a religion that worshipped a single, all powerful deity, who is sharply separated from human beings, makes great moral demands upon them, and judges them all, even kings and emperors.
基督的主要来源是犹太教,这种宗教崇拜单一的,无所不能的神,它独立于人类而存在,作出种种道德要求和评判,即使君主和帝王也不例外
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Now this will become a problem obviously when we talk about Judaism, because Jews--the Greek rulers, were trying to do the same thing with Jewish gods and Jewish figures, as they had elsewhere.
显然，这种方法用在犹太教会产生问题，因为犹太人。。。希腊统治者试图用，同样的方法，处理犹太神。
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It also is driven very much by a secessionist account of Judaism as being something that was moribund at the time of Jesus.
它同样也被一系列的犹太主义推动,作为在耶酥时期停滞不前的东西。
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We see Judaism intersect with spirituality or nature twice a year.
我们基督教每年有两次,与灵性或是自然接触的机会。
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So you are allowed to pray outside in Judaism.
所以犹太教是允许在户外祈祷的咯？
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And then the second half of the class, we turn our attentions to more of these issues of disagreement and debate within early Christianity, around issues such as Judaism and the Law,women's positions, politics,and the interpretation of scripture.
本课的第二部分，我们会把注意力转向早期基督教内的,分歧与争论，比如犹太教与摩西五经，妇女地位，政治，圣典解读。
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Judaism,Islam and Christianity all have,basically,canons.
犹太教，伊斯兰教和基督教都有正典。
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Does it allowed in Judaism? I'm curious.
在犹太教中允许这样做吗？我很好奇。
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We'll look at different ways that early Christians dealt with the fact that this movement seemed to come out of Judaism.
我们会研究早期基督教,如何掩饰该运动源于犹太教。
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Another paper will be a thematic paper on some aspect of conflict among early Christians, such as Judaism and the Law,or women,or politics.
另一篇论文是专题论文,有关早期基督教矛盾的，比如犹太教与摩西五经，或妇女，政治。
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Now,different religions--some religions don't have what we would normally think of as scripture, in Islam,Judaism or Christianity.
有些宗教没有,伊斯兰教，犹太教或基督教，那些所谓的圣典。
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Now next time, in my lecture on introducing you to Judaism, I'll talk about the importance of at least two of these empires, because they're very important for the history of Palestine and Israel at this time.
下次课讲犹太教时，我会讲到至少其中两个帝国的重要性，因为他们对当时,巴勒斯坦及以色列影响非常大。
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And then next time, next Wednesday-- - because remember we're not meeting on Monday-- next Wednesday, I'll do a similar kind of lecture for everything you need to know about Ancient Judaism, to put the New Testament into its historical context.
下次课上，下周三-,周一没课-,下周三，我会讲你们需要了解的,古代犹太教的知识，将新约放在历史环境中进行研究。
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Different Jews have different opinions about how that works and the past few centuries have been an interesting experiment with modernity and how Jew is gonna face that and react to it So that's sort of just a brief introduction to Orthodox Judaism.
不同的犹太人有着不同的看法,那是如何实现的，而且过去的几百年,就是对现代性一个很有趣的实验,也是对犹太人将如何,面对并且回应它,这只称得上是,对犹太教正统派的简单介绍。
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The Greek polis, which is simply the Greek word for city, had several institutions that are very important, and they'll become important for early Christianity and for Judaism.
希腊城邦，Polis就是希腊语城市的意思，有许多重要的公共机构，对早期基督教和犹太教影响巨大。
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One of things that has been going on in Orthodox Judaism not other Judaism is that after high school, many students go to Israel and study at what I called "yeshiva" which are institutes of higher Jewish learning.
有件事一直存在于,犹太教正统派而非其它犹太教,高中毕业后，很多学生到以色列,的“yeshive“学习“,也就是犹太学习的高等教育机构。
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