And, Hobbes tell us he would banish all doctrines that profess to make the individual or the sect, more importantly in some ways the sect, the judge of the sovereign.
霍布斯说,他将谴责那些,主张个人主义或教派主义的学说,以及那些对君主提出批判,的教派势力。
we then coached each other in the... to prepare for the actual argument in front of a judge.
我们又接着相互指导,为在法官面前的现场辩论做准备。
And Abraham's reaction comes as something of a surprise. He objects to the plan, and he starts to argue with God. "Will you sweep away the innocent along with the guilty? Shall not the judge of all the earth justly?" That's in Genesis 18:23-25. The question is of course rhetorical.
亚伯拉罕的反应时一种惊奇,他反对,这个计划,他开始与上帝争论,“无论善恶,你都要剿灭吗?审判全地的主岂能不行公义么?“,这在,《创世纪》第18章第23至25章,这个问题当然是夸张的。
I'll give you--in one of Kahneman and Tversky's examples, people were asked to judge the occupation of a young woman.
卡尼曼和特维斯基给过一个例子,让人们来判断一个年轻女性的职业
I will then judge and then the winner will win some small prize, either of a literary or a food nature.
我来评谁胜出,胜出者有一个小奖品,可能是书,也可能是吃的。
Well if you're of lower status, lower social status, the judge is going to look at you and say, "Come on, you're poor, your neighbor's rich, I'm going to side for the neighbor."
如果你社会地位低,法官会看着你说,“得了,你这么穷,你邻居很有钱,我站在你邻居这边“
And the truth of whether a book should or should not be censored is something that's come about through the diligent effort of a group, rather than a single arbitrary judge like the state licenser.
但一本书是否真正被控制,是一堆人努力的结果,而不是政府出版管理处的人员专横的决定。
The philosopher seeks to judge those beliefs in the light of true standards in the light of what is always and everywhere true as a quest for knowledge.
哲学家追寻的是以真正的标准,来评判那些信念,鉴于追寻知识,无论在何时何地皆真的标准。
And one of the cases that I've talked about probably be the most controversial is where babies were born with severe problems that not gonna be compatible with what the parents and doctors judge to be a reasonable quality of life.
我所讲过的例子中,下面这个可能是最具争议的,有些婴儿一出生就有严重的生理问题,他们无法如他们的,父母和医生所愿,用有正常的生活质量。
Sure. So the first year in law school, we have to write a brief and then argue it in front of a judge.
好。在法学院的第一年,我们要写一篇辩护状,并在法官面前论证。
Because Roman legal structures-- and they even said this in Roman laws-- if you're a judge and you have a rich man and a poor man in your court, of course you're going to decide for the rich man, because the poor man has incentive to cheat; he's poor. But the rich man already has money, he doesn't have any incentive to cheat.
因为罗马法律结构。。。,甚至罗马法律中就这么写着。。。,如果你是法官,一个穷人和一个富人,同时出现在法庭上,你当然会偏袒富人,因为穷人有欺骗的动机,贫穷;,而富人已经很有钱了,没有动机再去行骗。
It's even fine to judge breeds of dogs.
评判狗的品种也没问题。
This brings us to the final-- the issue of expectations and how we judge people is a story that could be told about individuals but it's also a story that could be told about groups.
这让我们谈到最后一个问题-,关于期望的问题,我们如何评价他人,不仅对个人有影响,对群体也会有影响。
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