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Wilde's suggestion, but I think also Kant's suggestion before him, is important for our recognition of our own value.
王尔德的提议，也是康德的，对我们自己认识到自我的价值很重要。
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You say, "Whoa, what is this?" Kant makes a distinction between the purposive and the purposeful. What is the distinction?
我咧个去，这货说的是啥？，其实康德将,“合目的性“和“目的性“做了比较，什么比较呢？
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Simply to acquiesce in skepticism," Kant wrote, "can never suffice to overcome the restlessness of reason."
康德认为，简单地默许于怀疑论，永远无法平息内心渴望理性思考之不安“
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This is the theme of every great moralist from Spinoza to Kant to Freud.
这是每一位崇高道德家所关心的主题,从斯宾诺沙到康德再到佛洛伊德。
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Kant calls it "purposiveness"--that is to say, the way in which the thing is organized according to some sort of guiding pattern.
康德称之为，“合目的性“，也就是说，依据某种引导型结构,组织事物的方式。
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In many ways Kant, without knowing anything about Sidney, nevertheless follows from Sidney particularly in this, as you'll see.
康德在很多方面，尽管他并不认识西德尼，却遵循了西德尼的理论，尤其是这一点，就像你们看到的。
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Maybe we doubt that the difference is absolute in the way that Kant wants to insist it is.
也许我们怀疑康德强调的,不同是否真的存在。
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Things are either pleasant or unpleasant. The good, on the contrary, - is the way in which our cognitive and moral faculty-- which Kant calls "the reason"--understands things.
事情总是有好有坏，但只有好的东西才能被我们的，感官和道德感-,也就是康德笔下的“理性“，所认知。
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Kant says people ought to be an end and not a means for us; we ought to understand them on their terms."
康德说人们应该使我们的终点，而不是途径;,我们应该从他们的角度来理解他们“
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If you look at the syllabus, you'll notice that we read a number of great and famous books, books by Aristotle, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, John Stewart Mill, and others.
如果你有留意教学大纲，就能发现,教学大纲里列出了不少人的著作，包括亚里士多德，约翰·洛克，伊曼努尔·康德，约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒及其他哲学家的著作。
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Now in a way that's what Kant's saying, too.
这些康德说的和相比还真差不多。
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But now you will suggest, I've really gone too far, attributing to Hobbes a doctrine of human dignity that one might expect to find in a philosopher like Kant or someone else.
但是你会说，我真的跑题了，把一切都归于霍布斯关于人类尊严的教条,你可能期待一个像,康德一样的哲学家。
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So that's Kant's famous distinction between the purposive, which is the organization of an aesthetic object, and the purposeful, which is the organization of any object insofar as it goes to work in the world or for us.
所以康德的著名理论，关于区分美学意义上的“合目的性“,和存在意义上,服务于我们的“目的性“
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Immanuel Kant described very well the problem with skepticism when he wrote "Skepticism is a resting place for human reason, where it can reflect upon its dogmatic wanderings, but it is no dwelling place for permanent settlement."
康德曾很贴切地描述了怀疑论的不足,他写道，怀疑论是人类理性暂时休憩的场所，是理性自省，以伺将来做出正确抉择的地方，但绝非理性的永久定居地“
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Far more unrealistic would be the belief of those who argue, and I'm thinking here of names like Immanuel Kant and others from the eighteenth and nineteenth century, that one day we can abolish war altogether, and therefore abolish the passions that give rise to conflict and war.
不切实际,将是那些争辩者的信念，就像康德或其它,十八及十九世纪的思想家，幻想有一天我们可以全面终止战争，进而废除,引起冲突与战争的激情。
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That's Kant's position and that's what Hirsch is leaping to defend.
这是康德的看法，Hirsch也努力为之辩护。
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