One needs a heart, one a lung, one a kidney, one a liver, and the fifth a pancreas.

分别需要心脏移植，肺移植，肾移植，肝移植，以及胰腺移植。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

In addition, the kidney controls the composition of your body of many important ions, sodium bicarbonate which is important in pH balance, potassium.

此外肾脏还能控制,体内很多重要离子的浓度,例如碳酸氢钠,它对于酸碱平衡十分重要,还有钾离子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now,imagine that we've got somebody who needs a heart transplant or a kidney transplant, liver transplant.

现在假想有人需要,心脏或者肺部移植，或者肝脏移植。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I'm the only one who can get my kidney stones removed for me.

只有我能经历我体内的肾结石被去除。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Nobody else can get my kidney stones removed for me.

没人能够代替我去除我的肾结石。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Dialysis - and this is a method to replace or augment the function of your kidneys, to remove waste products really from the blood, which is something the kidney does continuously.

透析技术,这种技术用来替代,或者增强肾脏功能,以去除血液中的各种废物,就像肾脏持续进行的那样

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, you would grow these monkey kidney cells in culture, you would add some virus to the culture broth, the cells would become infected, the virus would go through its life cycle.

我们在培养基中培养这些猴肾细胞,然偶加入一些脊髓灰质炎病毒,这样细胞就会被感染,病毒开始不断繁殖

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Talk about getting your kidney stones removed.

想象一下肾结石移除这件事。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

There's other viruses that infect cells of the brain, of the kidney, of the liver.

另外还有能感染脑细胞,肾细胞和肝细胞的病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

For example, you all know that the only treatment for some diseases is to get an organ transplant: a kidney transplant, or a liver transplant is the only life extending intervention that can be done for some kinds of diseases.

你们都知道,有些疾病只能,通过器官移植来治疗,肾移植,肝移植是在某些疾病的治疗中,唯一能够延长生命的手段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So how can cells, which have the same sort of master information DNA, in your brain, and your heart, and your kidney be so different?

那么为什么这些有同种DNA信息的细胞,在你的大脑里,你的心脏里,在你的肾里,表现的如此不同呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

All of your cells have the same DNA, so the same genetic information, and yet cells in your brain, and cells in your heart, and cells in your kidney do very different things.

你所有的细胞都有相同的DNA,带有相同的遗传信息,尽管你大脑里的细胞,心脏上的细胞,肾里的细胞发挥着不同的功能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选