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It's a ladder used to ascend a tree, it's a kind of tool of ascent that's a kind of a tool for getting fruit.
这是用来爬上树的梯子，是一种上升的工具,也是用来摘果子的。
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There are two upright struts of the ladder, one shown in blue here, the other shown black.
两条上下的主链作为支柱,一条以蓝色表示,一条以黑色表示
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This is just the ladder.
这就是梯子。
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As early as 1826 an important pro-slavery writer named Edward Brown argued that "Slavery," he said, quote: "Had ever been the stepping ladder by which nations have passed from barbarism to civilization."
早在1826年,一位重要的亲奴主义作家,爱德华·布朗说过,"奴隶制,曾是帮助那些国家从野蛮时期,发展到文明社会的阶梯"
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There's no ladder, no differences between CEO and an average engineer on the surface.
没有阶级划分,表面上看来，普通员工和CEO也没有差别。
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The consolation is they're killing people at the top too so they're going to so when you do get a job in a financial institution there will be more spaces above you on the ladder to move up.
慰藉就是，他们同样也在高层解雇人,所以他们将会,当你在一家金融机构找到工作后,你会有很大的晋升空间。
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It's a twisted ladder and there's a couple of things to notice about this familiar structure.
它犹如扭曲的梯子,对于这众所周知的结构有几件事必须注意
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One is that there are two backbones right here in the light blue, so this would be the upright parts of the ladder that are twisted.
其一是浅蓝色所代表的两条主链,这是构成,扭曲梯子的垂直部分
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On the inside are the rungs or the struts that hold the ladder together.
梯子内侧是梯阶,也可以说是梯阶把梯子连接在一起
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This represents the upright struts on a ladder that I showed you before, it represents this backbone that's shown by - that's formed by polymerizing the pentose's together through phosphate's always going 5' to 3', 5' to 3'.
线条代表梯子,上下的支柱 之前给你们演示过,代表由多聚戊糖分子,通过磷酸基从5'端向3'端方向,连接起来的主链
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The corresponding half of the ladder that corresponds to any given ladder, let's say the black DNA molecule that corresponds to the blue one is not just a mirror image.
与任何单链配对的,另一条单链,比方说与蓝色DNA分子,配对的黑色DNA分子,并不是蓝色DNA分子的镜像
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That's because you have to satisfy this base pair matching in order to have hydrogen bonding in each of the struts of the ladder in order to form a stable structure.
NA双链要满足互补配对原则,以使碱基对之间,形成氢键,从而形成稳定的双链结构
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