What are the basic modules, what information needs to be passed between those modules in order to make the code work.

基本的模块是哪些，为了让整个程序正常运行,这些模块之间需要传递的信息有哪些。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

They're really quite remarkable. It's not unlike what the Turner Broadcasting Network does with old movies, colorizing them in order to make them more palatable to a modern audience.

真的很了不起，这类似于,特纳广播公司处理老电影的做法，给它们加上颜色使其更符合现代观众口味。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

There are three places on the planet that have the high energy physics equipment in order to make these, and these are the three places.

在地球上有三个地方,有高能物理设备,为了制造出这些元素，有三个地方。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

All those things have to happen in an orderly fashion, in enough quantity in order for a particular cell to make a protein.

所有的步骤必须按部就班,保质保量地进行,让一个特定的细胞合成特定的蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, for example, Wellbutrin, it is very unlikely that it would have thionyl chloride in order to make it, and if thionyl chloride was used at some point in the synthesis, it was not to put that chlorine atom on, it was to put something else on.

比如，安非他酮，用亚硫酰氯来制造它,是不太可能的，而就算在合成过程中的某一阶段用到了亚硫酰氯，它也不会把氯原子加进去，而是把其它东西加进去。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We use a liquid helium. And so in order to make a liquid helium, you can't take helium at room temperature and do this, because if you did, you would just heat it up, because the room temperature is above the inversion temperature, so Joule-Thomson would heat up the helium.

为了得到液氦,不能再常温,做这个实验,否则就是加热氦气，因为室温高于它的转变温度,所以焦耳-汤姆孙，实验会加热氦气。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

This is the kind of surveillance that's needed to really make an impact and this is why-- one of the other ways where engineering approaches are needed in order to solve medical problems like this one.

这是一种必需,起到一定作用及,影响的监测观察,并且这就是,这也是在解决类似这种医学问题时,必须采取工程方法的原因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So it's really neat to think that your counterparts 100 years ago right here at MIT could have been sitting in a class where they had Lewis as their lecturer, and he's putting forth these ideas -- these are actually his lecture notes, even though it wasn't even published yet, and giving this idea of Lewis structure, which is exactly what we keep using today in order to make a lot of these predictions.

因此会有很棒的感觉，当想一想一百年以前像你们一样,在这上学的同学可能正坐在教室里,听路易斯讲课，而他正在提出这些想法-,-而这些正是他的课堂讲义，尽管当时还没有发表，但已经给出了路易斯结构的思想，这正是我们直到今天都一直在用的,用它来做很多预测。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And then I don't have to produce the whole virus in order to make a vaccine.

那么无需合成完整的病毒,就能制造疫苗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The problem is you've got to make hundreds of millions of doses sometimes in order to have an effect on progress of the disease.

问题是有时候你不得不去制造几亿支疫苗,以便在疾病进展时发挥作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The proteins that are produced by genes that are on the viral genome get transcribed and translated in order to make more structural proteins that are needed for assembly of the virus.

由病毒基因组上的基因,通过转录和转译制造出来的蛋白质,以便可以制造出更多的,被病毒组合所需的结构蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

How did we put our gene fragments into this plasmid DNA in order to make multiple copies of it, or to clone the gene?

如何把基因片段整合到质粒DNA上,来获得大量拷贝,或者说来克隆基因呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So it already should make sense why we have that p orbital there, in order to form a pi bond, we're going to need a p orbital.

这里有p轨道是很合理的,为什么我们在这里有P轨道，为了形成一个π键，我们需要一个p轨道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

that means that the cells have to be able to replicate the DNA on the plasmids, in order to make many more copies of it.

就是说这些细胞要能够,复制质粒上的DNA,以得到更多的拷贝

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In order to have DNA you have to make DNA and your cells are continually making DNA inside your body, through a process of DNA synthesis and that synthesis is occurring because of the presence of an enzyme, a protein called DNA polymerase.

为了使每个细胞都具有DNA,身体通过一个叫做DNA合成的过程,不停的生产DNA,这个合成过程是在,一种酶的催化下进行的,这种酶叫做DNA聚合酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选