This first slide shows a graph of the impact of having metabolic syndrome on heart disease and its consequences.

这张图表明了代谢综合征,对心脏病的影响以及造成的结果

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You'll see a graph with yellow lines, yellow bars that are people without the metabolic syndrome and red bars are people with.

图上黄色柱子表示没有患代谢综合征的人,红色柱子表示患有代谢综合征的人

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Because of the lack of oxygen getting to the cells, the cells are no longer able to carry on their various metabolic processes.

由于细胞中缺少氧气,所以细胞不能完成,它们的各种新陈代谢活动

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Different amount of metabolic activity because one has a greater volume of cytoplasm than the other, for example, so these are exactly the right kinds of ideas.

大小不同,代谢活动的总量就会不同,可能因为一个细胞的胞质比另一个体积大,以上这些观点都是非常正确的

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Certain parts of the population are more vulnerable to the health consequences given them-- having the metabolic syndrome.

由于患有代谢综合征,某类人对身体疾病的承受力更为脆弱

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Now these changes, these human evolutionary changes, have created some very interesting metabolic things inside our bodies.

而今,这些改变,这些人类演化造成的变化,在人体内产生了一些很有意思的代谢过程

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There's one particular issue with overnutrition called the metabolic syndrome that I'd like to talk about and show you a little data on.

代谢综合征是我将讨论并列举数据的,其中一个与营养过剩有关的问题

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Here's another graph of data on the metabolic syndrome showing how it differs by race and ethnicity.

这是另一幅关于代谢综合征的数据图,它表明代谢综合征在种族与民族间的差异

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Suppose we put somebody in a state of suspended animation, cool their body down so that the various metabolic processes come to an end.

假设我们让某人,进入假死状态，将他们的身体降温,所有的代谢过程都停止。

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Plus, there are some natural metabolic variability and I'll describe that in a subsequent lecture.

另外,这里面有自然的新陈代谢差异,我会在随后的课堂上讲解

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A nutrient is considered a substance within the food, that's when it digests it, absorbs, promotes some bodily function, so that it has some metabolic health value when people consume it.

营养素是包含在食物中的物质,由人体消化,吸收,推动身体机能,食品必须具有值得人类去代谢的健康价值

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So if a food belongs to a class of foods that a class of items that contributes to that internal metabolic havoc, would that be reason to consider it a non-food?

如果某种食物,可以引起机体内代谢紊乱,将它们认定为非食品是否合理呢

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When you look at the risk of consequences from metabolic syndrome in the population, you have to know a person's race to some extent to understand how high their risk really is.

如果想要考察某人群,患代谢综合征的风险,就要知道一定的种族信息,这样才能较准确地知道他们的患病风险度

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The metabolic syndrome comes about from abdominal obesity.

代谢综合征是由腹部肥胖产生的

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So using stroke as the outcome here, what you see is that people with the metabolic syndrome, the red bar, compared to the people without it, the yellow bar, have about twice the amount of risk.

首先是中风,我们可以看到,红柱子表示的患有代谢综合征的人,比黄柱子表示的没患有代谢综合征的人,中风的风险高两倍

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As we'll discuss in the class, and most of you probably know this, your body weight is a function of how many calories you take in and how many calories you burn off through metabolic processes but also physical activity.

我们将会讲到,而且你们中的大部分人可能也知道,你的体重随着卡路里的摄取量,和代谢中的消耗量而变化,还跟肢体活动有关

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Again, I'm not expecting you to remember all the details of this but I'm going to show you this-- when you put all these things together, it's called the metabolic syndrome, and I'll show you some data on its impact on health.

同样的,我不要求大家记住这些细节,但我要告诉大家的是,当你把上面这些症状加在一起,这就是代谢综合征的表现,给大家看一些代谢综合征影响健康的数据

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We sense food coming in, that sets into gear a series of metabolic and biological processes that are very interesting, and then of course once the food gets in the body it does lots of interesting things-- some good things and some bad things.

美食当前,食指大动,身体从而启动一系列新陈代谢过程,和有趣的生物过程,而且,当食物进入身体,它就产生许多有趣的效应,这些效应有好有坏

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There are also interesting breakdowns by gender, and so if we look at the males and the females on the left here, you see that the females have a higher risk of consequences if they have metabolic syndrome then the males do.

不同性别患代谢综合征的情况也有差异,左边两个柱子分别代表男性和女性,可以看出患代谢综合征的女性的患病风险,比男性患者要高

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In that process there is a metabolic engine at work, and some people have an efficient engine so that the calories in get banked in the fat, other people have an inefficient engine, that is the calories get wasted as body heat and things like that, and they tend not to gain weight.

这过程中人体内有个工作着的代谢引擎,有些人的代谢引擎效率很高,热量便转化为脂肪储存起来,另一些人的效率低下,能量就以体温等形式被浪费了,因此他们就不容易发胖

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It's because these are the women who have abdominal obesity, so women are less likely to have it in the first place, but many do, and of those who do and have that metabolic syndrome, then they're more susceptible to the heart disease outcomes than men are.

这是因为研究对象都是有腹部肥胖的女性,女性一开始的确比较少患腹部肥胖,但其中仍有人会有腹部肥胖,所以那些患代谢综合征的腹部肥胖女性,与男性相比更容易受到心脏疾病的影响

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MI stands for heart attack, myocardial infarction, and in this case you see an even bigger differential of people with a metabolic syndrome having even more elevated risk then they did for stroke.

I表示心脏病发作,心肌梗塞,在此可以看到患有代谢综合征的患者,比非患者心脏病发病风险更高

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