It was the U.S. connection to the Napoleonic Wars.

这是美国与拿破仑战争的联系。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Certainly in Europe, not until the massacres of the armenians of 1895, and arguably some Napoleonic atrocities, and Napoleon's armies' atrocities in Palestine, in Palestine, or in the south of Italy, or in Spain as well.

895年,土耳其人对亚美尼亚人实施种族灭绝,在这之前可能还包括拿破仑军队的一些暴行,比如在巴勒斯坦,意大利南部,以及西班牙等地的暴行

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

You can still see in the Pantheon-- the sort of secular monument but also just Napoleonic generals one after another-- you can still see bullet holes there, from the Commune, not just from World War Two, from where people were executed.

你在先贤祠,那是安葬着诸如埃米尔·左拉等,当然一个挨一个的,也放着拿破仑一世的将军们,你在那仍然可以看到弹孔,它是巴黎公社时就留下的,不仅仅只是二战时候的,人们被处决时留下的弹孔

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选