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For example, with neon we can think about all of the different orbital energies we could be looking at.
比如氖，我们可以想象一下,它的所有不同轨道的能量。
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So, let's take a look at the different kinetic energies that would be observed in a spectrum for neon where we had this incident energy here.
那么，让我们来看一下,在已知入射能量的情况下,可以在氖光谱中观测到哪些不同的动能。
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That, in neon, is what Peter the Great did above all and for which he shall most be remembered.
彼得大帝曾探求着调和两者之间的解决之道,他所做的这些努力应该被永远铭记
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We've got two cases where each one of those things now is isoelectric with neon.
这里我们有两个例子,现在是氖的等电子体。
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Versus looking at, for example, helium or neon or argon, these are all inert gases, inert meaning essentially do not react, those were grouped together in the periodic table.
相反，他发现氦，氖，氩，都是惰性气体，惰性的意思是基本不参与化学反应，因此把它们放在周期表中的同一类里。
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So if we want to write out what that would be, it would just be to say that f minus is isoelectronic with neon.
那么如果我们把它写出来，它应该就是负一价的氟离子与氖原子是等电子的。
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- The answer to that is definitely no -- if they had the same electron configuration, they would, in fact be neon. But we can think about different ions that have this electron configuration.
答案是绝对没有-,如果它们具有相同的电子排布，那么它们，实际上,将都是氖，但是我们可以想一想,有没有其它离子具有这种电子排布呢？
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If it could only ditch this electron, it could have the same electronic structure as neon.
如果它能失去这个电子，它就能和氖有一模一样的电子结构。
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So for example, if we think about fluorine, 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 5 that has an electron configuration of 1 s 2, 2 s 2, 2 p 5, so all we would need to do is add one more electron to get the same configuration as for neon.
比如，如果我们考虑氟原子的话，它的电子排布是，因此我们所需要做的就是给它加上一个电子,使得它与氖原子的电子排布相同。
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- Then also, nitrogen, 3 minus -- these are all going to be isoelectronic with neon.
然后还有，氮，负三价-,这些都是与氖原子等电子的。
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Similarly we see as we go down the table, so as we're going from one row to the next row, so, for example, between helium and lithium, we see a drop; the same with neon to sodium, we see a drop here.
同样地，我们来看看沿着周期表往下走，当我们从一行到下一行时，比如，从氦到锂，我们看到了一个下落;,从氖到钠也一样，我们看到这里有个下落。
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So, for example, for sodium, we can instead write neon and then 3 s 1.
所以举例来说对于钠其他的外层电子，的结合的电子。
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Magnesium 2 plus, it is also isoelectronic with neon.
镁二正离子，同样也与氖等电子。
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You've got an electron donor with a powerful urge to become neon-like.
你已经有了一个电子给体,它有这巨大动力要变成和氦一样的结构。
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And hydrogen atom is what we're learning about, so that's the most relevant here. But just to show you that each atom does have its own set of spectral lines, just for fun we'll look at neon also so you can have a comparison point.
为了给你们展示下每个原子，都有自己的一套谱线,仅仅是为了好玩，我们看下氖,你们可以比较一下。
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That also is one of the things to put in neon.
也是他值得褒扬的事迹之一
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So, I've got something that's one electron away from the electronic structure of neon.
所以，我知道了钠的电子结构和氖,只差一个电子。
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PROFESSOR: All right, let's take two more seconds to look at neon then.
教授：好吧，那再看两秒。
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I know neon has a higher yet electronegativity, but normally it is inert.
我知道氖有个更高的电子力，但在常态下它是惰性气体。
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So let's take the example of neon.
那么就让我们以氖原子为例。
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One of the things he does, and I guess this is one of the things to be put in neon from this lecture, is he opens up Russia, which had no secular influences at all, to western ideas.
他的成就之一,我想这也是今天讲座的重点之一,就是他将西方思想引入俄国,在此之前 俄国没有受到任何外界世俗的影响
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So it's really sodium you can think of electronically as neon plus the 3s1 electron. It's so close.
看到这个电子结构,你真的能想到钠，在电子结构上钠就是氖,加上这个3s层的电子，它们是如此接近。
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and he knew this the same way that we saw it in the last class, which is when we viewed the difference spectra coming out from the hydrogen, and we also did it for neon, but we saw in the hydrogen atom that it was very discreet energy levels that we could observe.
那就是,当我们看氢原子发出的光谱时，我们也看了氖气,但我们看到,氢原子能级是分立的，这些，在当时,已经被观察到了,他也都知道。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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In the first case, so here is the electron configuration of neon.
首先，这是氖原子的电子排布。
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And what you see when we see it with our eye, which is all the wavelengths, of course, mixed together, is whichever those wavelengths is most intense. So, when we looked at the individual neon lines, it was the orange colors that was most intense, which is why we were seeing kind of a general orange glow with the neon, which is different from what we see with the hydrogen.
当你们用眼睛看时，当然看到的是全波长，是混在一起来，看到的是最强的那些波长，当我们看单个氖谱线时，橙色是最强的,所以我们看氖光整体是橙色的,这和氢气是不一样的。
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So if that's the case doing a quick little calculation, what would the ionization energy be for a 2 p electron in neon?
么请稍微计算一下，氖原子的，2，p，电子的,电离能是多大？
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