So, should we conclude, as dualists, that smiles are these extra nonphysical things that have a special intimate relationship with bodies?

那么,我们是否该像二元论者一样宣称,笑是某种与肉体有着某种,特殊紧密联系的非物质呢

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And dualism simply says, "It's all nonphysical, it's part of the ether," and hence fails to explain it.

二元论只是说,"心灵是无形的,是世界的一部分",因此并不能给出合理的解释

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And then, if we were to appeal to something nonphysical, we would do a better job of explaining.

而如果我们诉诸于非物理的方式,就能解释得更好

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.

当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

But to that extent, it's doing all these things and yet we're not tempted to say, are we, that the computer has a nonphysical part?

但从那种程度来说,它做到了所有的这一切,而我们也没有说,这个电脑有个非物质的部分

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

But the crucial point for this view is that the proper metaphysical understanding of the mind is to think of it in nonphysical terms, nonmaterial terms.

但是这个观点的关键之处在于,从哲学角度对心灵的恰当理解,必须是在非物理的条件下去思考的,非物质的条件

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So the mere fact that we decide, if we do ultimately decide that there is a soul, something nonphysical, separate and distinct from the body, doesn't guarantee that we survive our physical death.

根据我们仅有的事实去判断,如果我们最终判定灵魂是存在的,它是一种无形的,独立的,与肉体截然不同的东西,但仍不能保证我们会在肉体死亡后活下来

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So it must be something nonphysical.

那么它一定是某种无形的东西

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The mind is based in, or just is something nonphysical, something nonmaterial, we can call it a mind we can call it a soul we can call it a psyche we typically try to call it a soul.

心灵建立在...或仅仅是非物理的东西,非物质的某种东西,我们可以把它称作心灵,也可以叫灵魂,还可以说是精神,但我们一般用灵魂来命名它

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选