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And then later on in the story that Homer tells in the Odyssey, Odysseus himself is such a newcomer.
但在荷马写的《奥德赛》这一节中,奥德修斯也是外乡人
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You can't call--we know Odysseus himself is a basileus-- him a merchant. Pirate, sure, but merchant, no.
我们都知道奥德修斯是君主,我们不能,叫他商人,海盗没问题,但商人绝对不行
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Hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, Homer described the fate of the companions of Odysseus who were transformed by a witch into pigs.
在公元前几百年,荷马这样描述奥德赛的几个同伴的命运,一个女巫将他们变成了猪
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It is clearly modeled on Odysseus' descent to Hades in the Odyssey.
这很明显是模仿奥德修斯降入地狱,《奥德赛》书中的故事。
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And Achilles says, "Odysseus, don't say a word to me about the virtues of death.
而阿基里斯答道,"奥德赛,别跟我提冥界有多好了
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Well, what Thersites had done that was wrong, of course the poet and Odysseus didn't like his policy suggestion, but he had no right to speak at all.
诚然,书中认为忒尔西忒斯的做法是不对的,显然诗人和奥德修斯不喜欢他的政策建议,但他却根本连发言的权利都没有
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They have athletic contests and they ask Odysseus to participate.
他们有田径比赛,邀请奥德修斯一起参加
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Odysseus also was offered an opportunity to live forever.
奥德修斯也曾经有过一个能长生不老的机会
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And Odysseus says that that was a black remark.
奥德修斯的脸马上就黑了
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In the Odyssey,you remember Odysseus finds himself on the island of the Cyclops, those one-eyed monsters, and what is it about them that make them so monstrous, so inhuman from the perspective of the Homeric heroes?
还记得《奥德赛》中的奥德修斯,在独眼怪居住的岛上遇到的那些怪物,为什么这些独眼怪在荷马式英雄的眼中,是那么丑陋,那么残忍
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Odysseus is the man,the wily Odysseus as Homer calls him, the man of many devices, all of those things are great and they are equally honored along with the physical courage that is so characteristic of these guys.
荷马称奥德修斯是一个老谋深算的人,他是一个足智多谋的男人,而这一切都是很棒的,并且这些品质和肉体上的勇气一样被尊敬,当然,勇敢这是这些人所共有的品质
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When he was shipwrecked on the island in which the goddess Calypso ruled,she fell in love with Odysseus, just as the fate of great heroes-- they are heroic and handsome, and fast and women love them.
有一次他的船,在海之女神卡吕普索的小岛附近搁浅,女神爱上了奥德修斯,像其他大英雄一样,他威风凛凛,英俊潇洒,迷倒万千女性
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Of course, they won't be perfect, there's a mixed character of the world of Homer, but still, if you look at the world of Odysseus, his home, what's going on in Ithaca, there are some valuable clues.
当然,并不是完美的答案,荷马史诗里写了一些只言片语,如果你继续阅读《奥德赛》里面的故事,在他的家乡伊萨卡岛发生了什么,你会找到很多有用的线索
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Well, the next lines in Homer say that one soldier popped up and said, "Of all the great things Odysseus has done for us here, that was greatest, to shut up a big mouth idiot like Thersites."
书中接着写道,一名士兵站了出来,他说,"在奥德修斯为我们做的一切伟大事迹中,其中最了不起的,就是让忒尔西忒斯这样多嘴的白痴闭上嘴
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And here you see in the Odyssey is what it would likely be, and the place where you see it is back in Ithaca when Odysseus is there or when we're taken to see what's going on.
现在我们再看看《奥德赛》,你会看到,奥德修斯最终回到了,伊萨卡岛,他的故乡
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The Odyssey begins even more strikingly with the word andra, the accusative of anar,the accusative case of a man, and he says,sing to me goddess about that man, that man of many devices,that clever man Odysseus.
奥德赛》有个更引人注目的开头,以单词andra开篇,anar的宾格形式,一个人的宾格形式,他说,"女神向我歌颂那个男人,那个足智多谋的男人,奥德修斯"
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