Milton's been noting that some of the pagan deities that the fallen angels eventually became were male and some were female.

堕落天使化身成的异端神灵,有男有女，弥尔顿本无须说明。

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So magic in a pagan system, Kaufman claims, is a way of getting around the gods, circumventing the capricious will of the gods and demons.

考夫曼宣称，异教系统中的法术，可以用来应付众神,能使反复无常的神谕和恶魔的诅咒失灵。

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Separation entails also separation to God's service. That means, of course, the observance of his laws, especially the laws of purity, the rejection of pagan practices, and so on.

分离也意味着脱离上帝的侍奉，这就是说，遵守他的律法，尤其是圣洁的律法，拒绝异教习俗，等等。

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With the scene of the flight of the pagan gods at the nativity of Christ Milton is also depicting a scenario that, I think, on some level he's hoping will occur within himself.

在《圣诞清晨歌》中有一个无宗教信仰的人逃跑的画面,我认为弥尔顿同时也在描绘一个剧情，某种程度上他希望这样的事情也会发生在自己身上。

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It's a poem structured around the interaction between human beings and an entire pantheon of pagan deities.

是由人类相互影响,和所有无宗教信仰的万神殿来组织语言的。

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No divine evil agents. Again, in the pagan worldview the primordial womb spawns all sorts of beings, all kinds of divinities, good and evil that are in equal strength.

没有带有灵力的邪恶化身，同时，在异教的世界观中,万物孕育于一个原始的发源地，所有的神，善神和恶神，都具有相同的能力。

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There has been a slippage from Christian spirituality into something like a pagan naturalism, and it's a world in which all things are physical.

它们从基督教的精神性,滑向了一种异端的类似自然主义的东西，它们描绘的世界里万物都是物质的。

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It rejects the pagan idea of a realm beyond the deity, the source of mythology and magic. The affirmation that the will of God is supreme and absolutely free is a new and non-pagan category of thought".

这推翻了异教中的观点，即存在超越神性的，作为神话和巫术之源的领域，上帝的意愿是无上,并且绝对自由的，这一论断,是一个全新的且与异教思想无关的内容，“

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He says the pagan idea, and I quote, "does not approach Israelite monotheism as it diminishes the number of its gods. The Israelite conception of God's unity entails His sovereign transcendence over all." That's the real issue.

考夫曼认为，异教思想，“即使缩小了神的数量，也和以色列的一神论不同,以色列中上帝的概念还包含了他对世间万物,至高无上的统治，“这是一个实际问题。

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And the ode, too -- the form in which this poem is written is a pagan form invented by the Greek poet Pindar to express the sublimities of emotion arising from a contemplation of the actions of the gods.

而颂歌这首诗的形式,是由希腊抒情诗人品达尔发明,来抒发从思考上帝的行为中,得到的崇高情感。

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Second, he says, because humans also emerge ultimately from this primordial realm there's a confusion of the boundary between he chooses the word "confusion"--that's common in pagan religion.

其次，考夫曼说，因为人类最终也是起源于这个原始领域,所以对于怎么划分神族和凡人,-考夫曼选择了异教中常见的“困惑“来形容此界限。

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That went too far. It was too pagan, way too unorthodox.

这样说太过了，太异端，太不正统了。

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The pagan cult, Kaufman claims, is a system of rites.

考夫曼认为，异教祭仪，是一个仪式系统。

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Pagan religions contain theogonies, birth of a god, "theogony", accounts of the births of gods. Now this impersonal primordial realm, Kaufman declares, contains the seeds of all beings.

异教有神谱，神族谱系，用来记载诸神的诞生的，考夫曼认为，这个可观存在的原始领域包含了万物的本源。

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You'll remember that Mammon has a special place within his cave that's called the garden of Proserpine, and the Garden of Proserpine has within it all of the central symbols of pagan wisdom and of beautiful epic literature.

你们应该记得贪神在他的洞穴中有个特别的地方,那里被称为普罗塞尔皮娜之园，这个园子中集合了所有异教神的智慧和,优美史诗的重要象征。

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Kaufman asserts that mythology is basic to pagan religions.

考夫曼宣称，神话是异教的基础。

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These are things that are very common in polytheistic and pagan practices.

这些在多神崇拜和异教行为中很常见。

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So, Kaufman says that the pagan worldview is one of an amoral universe ; Not a moral universe; not an immoral universe; but an amoral universe. It is morally neutral.

因此据考夫曼所说，异教认为,既不是道德的宇宙，也不是不道德的宇宙;,而是与道德无关的宇宙，它从道德上中立。

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She's a daughter of Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, and she represents that force that prevents Milton from forgetting all of the pagan and all of the classical literature that, of course, he had spent so much of his life reading.

她是记忆女神摩涅莫辛涅的女儿，她代表着力量,这种力量阻止着弥尔顿忘记所有的异教神,以及所有的古典文学，当然，那些文学他已经花了大半辈子阅读了。

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So in sum, Kaufman's argument is this: Israel conceived of the divine in an entirely new way. Israel's God differed from the pagan gods in his essential nature. The pagan gods were natural gods.

总而言之，考夫曼的观点就是：以色列从一种全新的角度,构想了神的世界，以色列的上帝与异教的众神,在本质上完全不同，异教的众神是自然的神。

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They're not actually present in the real world of Milton's hell, or if it's a pagan god who's mentioned, Milton will tell us that the pagan god was just an early manifestation of one of the fallen angels.

事实上他们没有在弥尔顿笔下的地狱中出现，或者作为异教的神被提及，弥尔顿将告诉我们那些异教的神只是堕落天使中,一名天使早期的表象。

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