The Paris Commune has to be placed in the context of two things going on.

要讲巴黎公社,就必须把当时发生的两件事作为背景

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

The state could strike back with unparalleled savagery against those people who got in the way, and that's what happened at the commune, in the Paris Commune.

但它竟也可以以空前野蛮的步伐倒退,就为了对抗那些阻碍了他们的人们,这就是在公社时期所发生的,巴黎公社时期

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Okay, today I want to talk about the Paris Commune.

好的,今天我想谈谈巴黎公社

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

This is how I end the previous course, but it's the most appropriate place to start this one, because the Paris Commune hung over Europe for the next twenty or thirty years.

我上节课结束时就讲到这里,这十分适合作为这节课的开头,因为巴黎公社的阴霾,笼罩了欧洲接下来的二三十年

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

So, what was the Paris Commune?

那么,巴黎公社是什么呢

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

And, in my view, the Paris Commune and the massacre that followed the Paris Commune, the massacre of thousands and thousands of people, anticipated the twentieth century, when you became guilty for just being who you were.

在我看来,巴黎公社和随后的那场,使得成千上万的人死于非命的大屠杀,都预示了二十世纪的血雨腥风,人们仅仅因为自己的出身而获罪

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Paris is a commune, but so is a village of twelve people, is a commune--36,000. In World War One, only twelve didn't have somebody killed.

巴黎是个居民点,但是一个12人的村子,也是个居民点--36000个,在一战中,只要十二个没有死人

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选