But,there also are these strong traditions of popular Royalism, of ordinary people and peasants who believe fervently in the monarchy.

但仍有很多人信仰君主主义,普通人和农民们热衷于君主主义

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Is it peasants who are come and assert the rights of the poor against us?"

是那些针对我们来争取穷人权利的农民吗"

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Workers obviously didn't want a monarchy; but, in many areas of France,particularly in the south, lots of peasants did want a republic, and France becomes a republic.

工人们显然不想要君主制,而在法国许多地方,尤其是南方,很多农民确实支持共和,于是法兰西成为了共和国

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

When do peasants become Frenchman, as someone posed.

有人问什么时候农民变成法国人了

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

One of the things that's very true about Moscow, right into the twentieth century, is that you had all sorts of peasants living on the edge of Moscow living in these wooden houses.

有一件关于莫斯科的史实,直到二十世纪,在莫斯科的郊外,还有许多农民住在这样的小木屋里

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, for absolute rulers, the link to religion you can read about, but there's always the sense that he or she is doing God's will by exploiting ordinary peasants, ordinary people and conquering other territories.

所以对于绝对统治者,你会在书本上读到他们与宗教之间的联系,但是存在这样一种观点,即绝对统治者是代天授命,所以他们有理由剥削民众并且扩张领土

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

As I said, in some context last time, how many Russian peasants died in the 1890s thinking, "Oh my god, if the Czar only knew that we're starving, how angry he would be with his officials."

就像我在上一讲提到的,有多少死于1890年代的俄国农民会想,"上帝啊,要是沙皇知道我们在挨饿就好了,他该对手下的官员发多大的火啊"

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The armies that they were opposing, the French armies, were largely staffed by peasants from conservative areas, or from National Guards brought in from towns like Vannes, And, so, the commune--it's somewhat semi-proletarian, they're mostly working people.

他们所对抗的军队,也就是法国的军队,大部分是由保守郊区的农民,或是从诸如瓦纳,埃夫勒,所以,这些公社,有点半无产阶级的感觉,大部分都是有工作的人们

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选