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That ligand was one for which the cell had a receptor that further encouraged it to produce more of the ligand.
对于带有对应受体的细胞来说,这种配体能够刺激细胞产生更多的配体
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When they do find the cell they're capable of interacting with the receptor forming some kind of chemical interaction with the receptor.
但当它们遇到细胞时,就能够与受体相互作用,与受体发生化学反应
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When they bind, they produce some change in the receptor molecule which is experienced inside the cell.
当它们结合后,会使受体分子发生改变,这个过程发生在细胞内部
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Depending on which cell you are you would call one the 'receptor' and the other the 'ligand'.
这取决于你将哪种细胞上的分子,称为受体,哪种称为配体
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By cell/cell contact, I mean that there's a receptor in one cell that makes some kind of a chemical interaction with a receptor in another cell.
通过细胞之间的接触,我的意思是在一种细胞上的受体,能与另一细胞上的受体发生某种化学反应
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This is, maybe, the strangest because the ligand that stimulates the receptor is produced by the cell itself; so sometimes cells make signals that they receive.
它可能是最奇特的,因为激活受体的配体,是由细胞自身产生的,有时细胞产生让自己接受的信号
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If you think about receptor ligand system as an input into the cell.
如果将受体-配体系统看作,细胞的一种输入机制的话
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Now, one of the advantages of having second messengers is this is one way that you can integrate between different receptor systems that are acting inside a cell.
使用第二信使分子的好处在于,它能够将,作用于细胞内部不同的,受体系统结合起来
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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.
所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞
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Now, the other thing to keep in mind is that for any cell there's not just one receptor on the cell, there are thousands, or hundreds of thousands of receptors.
我们要记住的另一点是,在细胞表面,不仅仅只有一个受体,而是有成千上万甚至更多的受体分子
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That infection occurs because of a ligand receptor interaction on the cell surface where the virus itself is the ligand and it takes advantage of a receptor that's expressed on the cell surface.
感染的发生是由于,配体与细胞表面受体相互作用,病毒是配体,它利用了在,细胞表面表达的受体
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Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.
第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应
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In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.
在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子
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The cell that's producing the signal produces enough of the molecule so that it enters the bloodstream, it circulates throughout your body, eventually it reaches a cell at a great distance, which has a receptor for that ligand and the signal gets received.
发出信号的细胞产生信号分子,数量十分充足 能够进入到血液中,信号随着血液流遍全身,最终到达较远处的细胞,在这些细胞上有与配体配对的受体,信号被细胞接收
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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.
当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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