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So the Romans were only concerned about religions when it looked like those religions were going to cause political problems.
所以罗马人只有在宗教会引起政治问题时,才会插手干涉。
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Of course, the Romans didn't care then how much I charged you, the people of Corinth in its area.
当然，罗马人并不在乎我收了，科林斯人民多少税。
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So, in the period we're talking about there are no Romans that you have to worry about.
所以我们所谈的,是处于没有罗马人的时期
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We should get you flags okay, because these are the Romans defending the easy pass.
应该给你们弄杆军旗来才对,这些都是镇守平坦之途的罗马士兵
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Think back to the case of the Romans in the Colosseum.
回顾斗兽场里罗马人的案例。
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Religion had to bring a softening effect upon against the violent and bestial character of the early Romans. But for us today, Machiavelli writes, religion has to serve the opposite purpose.
宗教必须带来一种缓和效应，用以针对,早期罗马人的野蛮残忍的性格,但是对于今天的我们来说，马基雅维利写道，宗教不得不为相反的目的服务。
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And that explains the succession of rulers that have held the region: the Egyptians, the Amorites, the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Greek Ptolemies, the Seleucids, the Romans, and the list continues as we go on into the medieval and the modern periods.
这也解释了众多的统治者占领这一地区的原因：,埃及人，亚摩利人，以色列人，亚述人，巴比伦人，波斯人，希腊人，希腊的托勒密人，塞琉西人，罗马人，这个列表可以继续下去,如果我们考察中世纪和现代时期。
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By keeping women under the household of the men of their original family, the upper-class Romans tried to balance these different households in size and importance.
所以女子保留娘家的家户关系，有助于罗马上层阶级,平衡不同家户的规模及地位。
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The Romans actually were very pious in the sense that they believed that whatever land they were in, they should provide sacrifices and honors for the local gods, especially the important ones.
而且非常虔诚,他们认为无论身处何处，都应该祭拜当地神明，尤其是重要的神。
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So the Romans didn't try to make the East Roman, in that sense, culturally, nor did they try to change the language.
所以罗马人没有强迫东方罗马化，文化上没有，语言上也没有。
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But look at the collective ecstasy of the Romans!
但看看罗马人共同的心醉神迷啊！
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Well, the people who the Romans called barbarians destroyed the Western empire and it also the destroyed the power of the emperors and their efforts to impose religious and political conformity under imperial control.
那么,被罗马人称作野蛮人的民族,摧毁了西方帝国的同时也摧毁了,君主权力,以及通过王权实施,政教合一的种种努力
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So they would have local, sort of higher class, local elites, would bid for the right to collect local taxes, and so the Romans would take the highest bid.
所以他们安排当地人，算是上层阶级，本地精英，竞拍当地收税权，这样罗马总是能获得最高竞价。
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Or sometimes the Romans liked to take a big theater and fill the central part of the theater, the cavea, with water and then stage naval battles and that kind of thing.
有时候罗马人也喜欢利用大剧院,在大剧院的中心和兽笼，注满水，上演大海战之类的。
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So what do you have with all these other people, these other Romans around here, who don't have a powerful patron, who don't have a powerful paterfamilias to help them out?
那这些人怎么办？,其他普通罗马人，没有强大的庇护人，没有强大的家长帮忙？
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He and his family, the emperor's family, - was, in a sense, the patron for the whole people of the Roman Empire-- - at least for all the Romans-- the paterfamilias of the entire empire.
他及其家庭，帝王的家庭，某种意义上说，就是整个罗马帝国的庇护者-,至少是所有罗马人的-,他成了整个帝国的家长。
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As I said, they were officially recognized by the Romans, but this caused problems for Jews sometimes.
我刚才说过，他们是被罗马官方认可的，但这有时候也会给他们带来麻烦。
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Because it was precisely because of this one world, run by the Romans and maintained by the Romans, that allowed the spread of Christianity, to a great extent, both ideologically and thought-wise, as well as simply physically.
因为正是由罗马人统治维持的，这个统一的世界，给予基督教在大范围面积内广为传播的机会，不仅是在意识形态和智慧方面，还有物质条件方面。
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And this is very important, because the Romans, as their power grew in the East, they simply moved increasingly into the eastern Mediterranean and they adopted the whole Greek system, the Greek world, and they didn't even try to make it non-Greek.
这点非常重要，因为随着罗马人的势力在东方日渐壮大，他们不断朝地中海东部推进,并采取了全套希腊系统，希腊世界，甚至没有作出任何非希腊式的改变。
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So Romans who ruled in the East were expected to speak Greek.
所以统治东方的罗马人要会说希腊语。
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There were some other benefits, though, that the Romans did.
当然，罗马人还有其他一些贡献。
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That's the big thing for the Romans later.
这成为了罗马人重要的活动。
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The Romans actually were very tolerant of local religions.
事实上罗马人对本土宗教很宽容。
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So the Romans, basically, were very tolerant.
所以说罗马人还是很宽容的。
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