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take a look at page 917, the left-hand column, where Derrida is talking not about Levi-Strauss but about Saussure.
看一下第917页，左边，这里德里达不是在说列维而是在说索绪尔。
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Speech is the way in which we appropriate, deploy and make use of language, and Saussure calls that "parole."
话语是我们使用语言，分配部署语言的结果，索绪尔叫它，个人语言“
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And human language uses this amazing trick described by Ferdinand de Saussure, the great linguist, as "The arbitrariness of the sign."
人类语言使用这些,被语言学家费迪南德·德·索绪尔,称之为"符号任意性"的神奇把戏
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This then is the object of Saussure's attention as a linguist and as a semiotician.
这就是索绪尔所注意到的,作为一个符号学家兼语言学家。
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Language," says Saussure, "is not a function of the speaker."
根据索绪尔，语言不是个人的“
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Scholars who go to Geneva go for a variety of reasons when they look at the Saussure archive.
后来的学者们为了各种理由去日内瓦,当他们面对索绪尔的档案时。
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Some of them are predisposed to dislike Saussure and to hope that they can somehow discredit him by learning more about things that he thought that aren't actually in the text.
那些不喜欢他的人们,希望能找出更多书中没有提到的,他的思想，以打击此书的权威性。
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Parole is the unfolding in time of a set of possibilities given in space, that set of possibilities being what Saussure calls "langue."
个人语言是一系列以一定时间顺序排列的,语言的可能的组合，而语言则是一个特定群体共享的“
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Here's where I come back to that example that I already gave you with a question mark next to it when I was talking about Saussure.
我这就要再讲一下我已经讲过的例子,就是我们讲索绪尔时讲到的那个存疑的例子。
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Well, the odd thing is it's exactly the same with Saussure, who can be considered the father or patriarch of a certain kind of literary theory as I have just indicated.
索绪尔也是这样，他可以说是,某种文学理论之父了。
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Like the Russian formalists--and in a way like the New Critics -talking about their "academic" colleagues, Saussure is vexed by the messiness and lack of system in the study of linguistics.
这一点和形式主义者，新批评论者,这些学院派的人们很相像，索绪尔对语言学的杂乱,和无章感到恼火。
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In the meantime, what Saussure is doing with this relationship above and below the line is, he is saying that there is an arbitrary relationship between the concept and the sound image.
同时，索绪尔觉得这组关系,也就是线上和线下的这个组合，他说，这是一个任意的组合,在事物和声音形象之间。
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What is a sign? Saussure's famous diagrams make it clear enough.
符号是什么，让我们来看看索绪尔有名的图标。
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The important thing about Saussure and the discipline of semiotics is the incredible influence that it has had on virtually every form of subsequent literary theory.
索绪尔和其他符号学家都很关注的一件事就是,符号学对于,任意一种文学理论的影响。
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So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.
这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。
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It is very much the same with language, or "langue" as Saussure calls it.
语言也是这样，根据索绪尔的理论。
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But what is new in Saussure and what really is foundational in semiotics as a science is two things that Saussure then goes on to say about the sign.
但是说索绪尔创造性的开创了,符号学，是因为两件事,这两件事是。
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We'll do all this next time before we get into Saussure.
我们会在下次讲索绪尔之前讲到这点。
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We have to try to figure out what Saussure is up to.
我们现在来讨论索绪尔。
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I don't know it positively. I'm about to give an example of this which I hope will flesh out what I'm trying to get across; let's look at a couple of passages in Saussure that may make the point.
不能主动地认识,更具体地举例来说;,我们来看看索绪尔是怎么论述这一点的。
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