What he means, for instance, in this case is well, talking to yourself is self-reinforcing or giving bad news to an enemy is reinforcing because it makes your enemy feel bad.

比如在这个例子中，他的意思其实是，自言自语是种自我强化行为,而向敌人散布坏消息也是一种强化,因为这样做可以使敌人感到不快。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选