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So in terms of total numbers that we would need to complete our octets and fill our valence shells, we would need 18 electrons.
因此要填满我们的“八隅体“,排满所有的价壳层，我们总共需要十八个电子。
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So, if we look at what the other sub shells are called, essentially we're just converting the number to a letter.
我们来看看,另外的子壳层叫什么，本质上，我们就是把数字转换为，一个字母。
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You know, if I had like shells and peas here I could make some more money. What do I do?
要知道，如果我喜欢贝壳和豌豆的话,那么我可以赚更多的钱？
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And, that's given by the balance between the attractive force of the ions offset by the repulsive force in the electronic shells.
而那是由,在离子的电子层之间的,引力和斥力相互抵消得到的。
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Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells - Shattering and avalanching on the snow crust-- Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.
阳光的温暖接着使那水晶的硬壳,从树枝上崩落，一齐倾泻在雪地上-,这么一大堆碎玻璃尽够你打扫,你还以为是天顶的华盖塌了下来。
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Other than just in poisons and in organic synthesis shells, you might also find them in some things we're more familiar with, such as almonds.
除了在毒药以及有机合成的容器中，你可能还会在我们更熟悉的,东西中找到它们，比如杏仁。
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So as we go down we're now adding electrons to further and further away shells, so what we're going to see is that the atomic radius is going to increase as we're going down the periodic table.
当我们向下走时,我们会将电子加在越来越远的壳层上，因此我们将看到原子半径,将随我们沿周期表向下走而增大。
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If we look at this configuration, what we say is all of the electrons in these inner shells are what we call core electrons.
如果我们看到这个构型，我们所说的是,所有的内层,都是核电子。
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There is a huge difference between the energies in the outermost shell and the inner shells, which tells you that it's unlikely that any electrons except those in the outermost shell are going to be active.
最外层和最里层所具有的能量,有很大差异，而这告诉我们有一点是不太可能的,那就是除了最外层的电子,别的电子都是应该是活泼的。
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So to figure out bonding electrons, -- what we take is that number 18, which is our total number of electrons we need to fill valence shells, and we subtract it from our number of valence electrons, which is 10.
那么为了找出成键电子，我们将十八，也就是填满所有价壳层,所需要电子的总个数，减去我们所有的价电子的个数，也就是十。
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We need 8 plus 4 is 12 for full shells.
我们需要8加4等于4,12个电子来填满壳层。
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And remember, we're only talking about valence electrons, so the outer-most shells.
要记得，我们讨论的只是价电子，也就是最外层的电子。
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How many electrons do we need to have full valence shells?
要把价层排满需要多少个电子？
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How many do we need to get full valence shells everywhere?
要得到全部是满壳层需要多少个？
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Core electrons are all those electrons held in really tight with the nucleus in the inner shells, whereas the valence electrons are only those electrons that are in the outer-most shell, or at your highest value of n of the principal quantum number.
芯电子是那些,在内壳层被原子核束缚得非常紧的电子，而价电子只包括,最外层的电子，或者说主量子数，n，的值最大的那些电子。
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