And he started with a similar but different observation, and that was that cows get a disease that's very similar to smallpox.

他首先观察到一种类似但不同的情况,就是牛得了一种很像天花的病

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So if you got infected with smallpox, you got the disease.

如果你感染了天花病毒,就会得这种病

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But variola, which causes smallpox in humans, and vaccinia, which causes a disease called cowpox in cattle, turned out to be, we now know, viruses that are molecularly very similar.

但是导致天花的人痘病毒,和导致牛痘,的牛痘病毒,后来发现其实是,我们现在知道,这两种病毒在分子水平上十分相似

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Smallpox affected world history hundreds of years ago, and it was a disease that was common in Europe, but not common in the Americas until the Americas were colonized.

天花影响了几个世纪前的历史,这种病在欧洲很常见,但在美国不多见,直到美国成为殖民地

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If I happen to have some other infectious disease, then not only would you passing the protection to smallpox, but you'd be passing that disease among the population as well.

如果正好还有其他传染病,那不仅会传播对天花的免疫能力,也在人群中传播其它传染病

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If smallpox occurred in your community, about 30 percent of the people that acquire the disease would die from it; the other 70 percent could be disabled or permanently disfigured as a result of the disease.

如果你周围有人得了天花的话,那么百分之三十的天花病人,会因此死亡,剩下的百分之七十会成为残疾或永久毁容,这都是天花造成的

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And he hypothesized that they were getting the disease in cows, which the disease from cows that caused a milder disease than smallpox, and that protected them from getting the more severe forms of smallpox later.

他假定奶牛将这种疾病传染给挤奶女工,这种源自奶牛的疾病比天花更温和,它保护女工们,免受更为严重的天花感染

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And that was possible in smallpox because of a few characteristics of the disease: one is that it's a--it's purely a human disease, humans are the only organisms that are affected by it.

天花能够被根治的原因在于,这种疾病具有以下几个特点,一是,它是一种只有人类才得的疾病,人类是唯一受天花感染的生物

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