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So what is this radical new idea that shaped a culture and enabled its survival into later antiquity and really right into the present day in some form?
到底什么观点造,造就了这种文化,并使犹太人在后来幸存下来呢？
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Now,what I've been arguing is that,logically speaking, even if you are a physicalist, that doesn't rule out the possibility of survival.
我现在要说的就是，逻辑上讲，即便你是物理主义者，也无法排除生存的可能性。
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A very old, very wrong view of evolution is that evolution has shaped animals such that they're merely survival machines.
非常古老错误的进化论观点认为,进化塑造了动物,他们只是幸存的机器。
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The writer observes that survival is a difficult endeavor and that the world can sometimes seem harshly hostile.
作者发现，人类需要通过努力而生存,但这个世界往往是非常残酷的。
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It's Darwinian science and it's very interesting that Darwin, as much as Marx, is all about struggle: the struggle for survival, the struggle for dominance.
这是达尔文主义的科学，有趣的是达尔文和马克思一样关注斗争：,为了生存而斗争，为了支配而斗争。
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Fat has twice the calories per unit weight that protein or carbohydrate sugar has, as a consequence, has the greatest survival value.
单位重量中脂肪的热量含量,是蛋白质和碳水化合物的两倍,因此,脂肪才是最能维持生存的物质
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And he was from Normandy, he lived near Cannes in Normandy, and they found him eating clams and things for survival on the beach.
他是诺曼底的,他住在诺曼底的嘎纳附近,他们发现他,在海滩上吃那些贝类充饥
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His examples are typically drawn from situations of human beings or polities in extremes where the very survival or independence of a society is at stake.
他的范例是,典型地取材自人类,或政体在极端下的处境,即当存活或一个社会的独立,已面临考验。
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If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw, how could animals evolve moral feelings?
如果进化论是讲适者生存，在弱肉强食的自然界，动物怎么能进化出道德情感？
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When you think about the possibility of bare survival of the scrubbed, clean,erased soul,you see that survival wasn't really everything you wanted.
当你想到，存活下去的仅是被清洗过的灵魂，你就会发现存活下去对你来说并无关紧要。
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So as it were,we might say, it might be that mere survival or bare bones survival doesn't really give me what matters.
所以我们可以说，仅仅生存下去,肉体的存活并不是我需要的。
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And what matters,or so it seems to me,at least, isn't survival per se,but rather having the same personality.
至少对我来说，重要的，不是存活本身，而是拥有相同的人格。
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Isn't this essential for the survival of ? any state,of any city?
这不就是,任何邦国的生存之道吗？
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And it's evolved due to survival and reproduction.
它通过生存和繁衍进化。
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Pretty clearly, to think about death and continued existence and survival, we have to get clear about the nature of personal identity.
很清楚，要想思考死亡,和继续存在并且活着，我们不得不弄清楚个人身份的本质。
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So should we conclude,therefore, that what really matters is not just survival but having the same personality?
那么我们是否就能得出以下的结论，真正关键的不是存活本身而是拥有相同的人格？
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