So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.

这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

All right, so this is the heat flowing in or out of the system, and these are all functions of state.

好的，这就是系统的热量变化,这些都是态函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.

所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We know that the way we enter into society is by consent, by agreement to leave the state of nature and to be governed by the majority and by a system of laws, human laws.

众所周知，只有经过同意，才能进入社会,才能脱离自然状态，并被大多数人,被人类法律体系所管辖。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

So the system will not be described by a single state variable during the path.

因此系统将不能被,路径上的单一状态变量描述。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We're going to find other properties that do care about the history of the system like work, that you put in the system, or heat that you put in the system, or some other variables But you can't use those to define the equilibrium state.

我们还会发现其他一些,与系统的历史有关的性质,比如你对系统做的功，或者你向系统传递的热量，或其他的变量,但你不能用它们,来定义平衡态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In other words, you've got your system in some state.

换句话说，这时你让你的系统处于某个态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So the point is, once you're at equilibrium none of the other states they're accessible, the system could rearrange itself to form them, but there is no accessible state that has higher entropy than the equilibrium state.

所以要点在于，如果你处于平衡态,其他所有的态都无法达到，我们可以重组体统来形成这些态，但没有一个可以达到的态,有比平衡态大的熵。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

They only depend on the state the system is in.

态函数是不变的，它们只依赖于。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

It defines the state of the system.

温度与压强。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Anybody have an idea? What's the one function of state? I'm the system, the rest are the surrounding. What's the one function of state that's constant when I'm doing all my chemical reactions to move my arms around?

态函数又是什么呢？,我是一个系统，其余的是周围的环境,那么当我在做所有的化学反应,去四处移动我的手臂的时候,什么量是常数？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So we'd really like to be able to find some sort of equation of state, or some sort of rather function of state that's going to relate the heat going in or out of the system with that function of state, because this isn't going to do it.

所以我们真的想要去,找到一些态方程或者态函数,通过这个态函数可以表示热量,在系统与外界的交换,因为这个不能表示它。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选