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so, essentially, they're establishing or controlling or changing the difference between the charge inside the cell and the charge outside cell.
因此本质上来说，它们制造或者控制或者改变,细胞内外电荷之间的电位差。
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They often involve the generation of what are called 'second messenger' molecules which carry the signal further into the cell.
过程中通常会生成一种叫做,第二信使的分子,将信号更深入地传递至细胞内部
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She's driving, and she's talking on the cell phone, and looking at the photographer.
她在开车，在用手机打电话，并且在看着摄影师。
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You could watch where it localizes in the cell, there are fluorescent assays you could use to determine what other proteins it interacts with.
你可以看到它在细胞的什么地方，你可以用荧光化验的办法确定,它和其它什么蛋白质相作用。
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This happens at the top of the cell where there is a probe attached and this moves the hair bundle to the right side.
细胞顶部的试探电极,会使毛发状的纤维束向右方移动,只要你吸住它。
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And today, if you look at the cell phone and the PDA and the PC and notebooks, desktops, there's a pretty clear distinction among those various product categories.
今天，如果看手机,掌上电脑，个人电脑，笔记本电脑，和台式电脑，就会发现很明显的差别,存在于不同的产品之间。
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We are on the cell phone, we are paying attention to other things.
可能边走边打电话,可能把注意力放在其他的事情上。
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Like many cells in neurons, the shape of the cell is intimately related to its function within the organism.
同许多种神经细胞一样,这个细胞的形状和,它们在生物体中执行的功能紧密相关
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Now, if that potential changed and it stayed changed forever, then the cell would never go back to its resting state.
如果电势变化并且不再恢复到原始电势,细胞就永远不会回到静息状态
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That ligand was one for which the cell had a receptor that further encouraged it to produce more of the ligand.
对于带有对应受体的细胞来说,这种配体能够刺激细胞产生更多的配体
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This is a way for the immune system to recognize things that are going wrong inside the cell protected from antibodies.
这是免疫系统识别,抗体不能识别的细胞内病变的方法
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So the influx of ions from the outside of the cell to the inside of And you can think of ion channels as being gated, by gated it means the gate can be closed and no ions are going through, as in this case here.
下面以离子从细胞外部流入内部,你可以把离子通道想象成是有闸门的，也就是说闸门可以关上,这时没有离子能通过，就像这种情况。
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And whenever it pulls on it and moves it to the right side you can actually see the flash of the ions entering the cell.
将它移到右边,你就能真切地看到,离子进入细胞的那一瞬间。
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Cells can stop in their lifetime at some point in the cell cycle and persist for long periods of time.
细胞生命期可以停止在细胞周期的某个点,并保持很长时间
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That's what's illustrated here with the end result being that there's some change in the life of the cell.
这里显示的是,在信号放大传递后,细胞内发生的变化
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It leads to expression of new genes, production of new proteins, and a change in a behavior of the cell.
这导致新基因表达,新蛋白合成,细胞行为发生改变
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