Well, this view, this evolutionary view, or evolutionary model, was challenged by man a named Yehezkel Kaufmann in the 1930's.

这个改进了的观点，或者说改进了的模型，在20世纪30年代受到了来自考夫曼的质疑。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

But this is where for lack of a better term non-western countries really formally challenged at the highest levels and the lowest, too.

之所以这么说，是因为找不到更好的表达方式了,这表明非西方国家,从最高层面和最低层面都提出了挑战。

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选

Toward the end of the discussion just now Victoria challenged the premise of this line of reasoning that's libertarian logic.

刚才，就在讨论即将结束之前,维多利亚质疑了,自由主义逻辑推理的前提。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

And it's that picture of the universe, Kaufman wants to argue, that is challenged by the monotheistic revolution. Again he sees this as a revolution of ancient Israel.

考夫曼提出，正是这个宇宙的大致框架，受到了来自一神论革命的挑战，在考夫曼看来,这是古以色列的一次革命。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So, you'd have a whole bunch of people selling securities down there and they could vacate quickly if the authorities challenged you.

接下来,你雇了一群人,在这间地下室里帮你出售证券,如果政府想要发难,他们可以快速撤离

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Because it challenged the whole class system, that people are born into a certain place and cannot-- and should not-- be moved.

因为它挑战了整个阶级体系，人生来就有阶级，不能-,也不应该被改变。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

They are computationally challenged, meaning, at the time they were invented, they were perfectly good sorting algorithms, there are better ones, we're going to see a much better one next time around, but this is a good way to just start thinking about how to do the algorithm, or how to do the sort.

他们是相当棒的排序算法，是有更好的算法，我们下一次,就会看一个更好的，但是开始想想,如何完成算法，或者说是如何排序,是一个好的学习方法,恩，再试试吧,如何来排序呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

And the interesting thing is that each one of these premises could be plausibly challenged.

有趣的是,每一个前提似乎都有其合理质疑之处

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Well recall from week zero when we took a very real world phonebook and then just last week we had our volunteer come up with the array of pieces of paper on the board and when I challenged myself and when I challenged our volunteer to find me the number 50 both he and I were able 50 to leverage one assumption.

大家回忆一下,当我们拿着一个现实世界的电话簿,就在上周我们的志愿者,在黑板上提出了纸片的阵列,我挑战自己，也挑战志愿者,要找出同一个,数字。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

So the question for us remains, which deeply challenged readers in Hobbes' own time, what makes Hobbes' story, as I am calling it, his story about the state of nature ? being a condition of war, what makes it plausible?

所以我们的问题依然存在，这使霍布斯时代的读者感到深深的挑战，是什么使得霍布斯的故事，关于自然状态的故事,战争状态的故事，是什么使它真实合理？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And each one of the premises can be challenged.

而这里的每一个前提都可能站不住脚

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Last year for the pieces that do vary year to year a bit, last year's first problem set challenged students to write their first or maybe second or third program using this environment called Scratch.

去年的教材有些地方有略微改动，去年的第一个问题集是让学生,在Scratch环境下,写下自己的第一或第二个或第三个程序。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选